Table 2.
Fatty acid composition of liver phospholipids from control mice and high-fat diet fed mice subjected to hydroxytyrosol (HT) supplementation
| Fatty acid composition (g/100 g FAME) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups | ||||
| Control diet (CD) | High fat diet (HFD) | |||
| Saline | HT | Saline | HT | |
| Fatty acid | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) |
| C16:0 | 31.2 ± 2.6c | 28.9 ± 2.1c | 43.6 ± 4.2a,b,d | 32.4 ± 3.3c |
| C18:0 | 4.31 ± 0.6b | 3.15 ± 0.2a | 4.62 ± 0.6b | 4.40 ± 0.4b |
| C18:1n-9 | 23.4 ± 1.8 | 25.6 ± 2.3 | 22.2 ± 1.6 | 24.8 ± 2.0 |
| C18:2n-6 (LA) | 13.3 ± 1.1 | 14.5 ± 1.3 | 11.8 ± 1.0 | 12.1 ± 1.2 |
| C18:3n-6 | 1.10 ± 0.1 | 0.97 ± 0.1 | 0.95 ± 0.05 | 0.99 ± 0.05 |
| C18:3n-3 (ALA) | 1.19 ± 0.1c | 1.23 ± 0.2c | 0.89 ± 0.05a,b,d | 1.09 ± 0.04c |
| C18:4n-3 | 0.25 ± 0.03c | 0.27 ± 0.05c | 0.09 ± 0.02a,b,d | 0.23 ± 0.04c |
| C20:3n-6 | 0.27 ± 0.05c | 0.29 ± 0.04c | 0.15 ± 0.03a,b,d | 0.26 ± 0.05c |
| C20:4n-6 (AA) | 10.2 ± 0.9c | 11.5 ± 0.7c | 5.95 ± 0.4a,b,d | 10.4 ± 0.8c |
| C20:4n-3 | 0.16 ± 0.04c | 0.17 ± 0.05c | 0.04 ± 0.02a,b,d | 0.14 ± 0.3c |
| C20:5n-3 (EPA) | 1.07 ± 0.1c | 1.10 ± 0.1c | 0.32 ± 0.04a,b,d | 1.05 ± 0.05c |
| C22:5n-6 (DPAn-6) | 0.08 ± 0.01c | 0.09 ± 0.02c | 0.03 ± 0.01a,b,d | 0.08 ± 0.01c |
| C22:5n-3 (DPAn-3) | 0.09 ± 0.02c | 0.08 ± 0.01c | 0.04 ± 0.01a,b,d | 0.08 ± 0.01c |
| C22:6n-3 (DHA) | 4.21 ± 0.2c | 4.39 ± 0.3c | 1.95 ± 0.1a,b,d | 4.12 ± 0.2c |
| Total SFAs | 37.5 ± 3.1c | 36.4 ± 2.9c | 48.9 ± 4.4a,b,d | 38.7 ± 3.5c |
| Total MUFAs | 26.6 ± 2.2 | 28.5 ± 1.9 | 24.4 ± 2.4 | 26.7 ± 2.0 |
| Total PUFAs | 35.9 ± 3.1c | 35.1 ± 3.6c | 26.7 ± 2.3a,b,d | 34.6 ± 3.3c |
| Total LCPUFAs | 16.6 ± 1.5c | 17.9 ± 1.1c | 8.62 ± 0.5a,b,d | 16.4 ± 0.9c |
| Total n-6 LCPUFAs | 11.0 ± 0.7c | 12.1 ± 0.8c | 6.17 ± 0.3a,b,d | 10.9 ± 0.8c |
| Total n-3 LCPUFAs | 5.60 ± 0.3c | 5.80 ± 0.4c | 2.45 ± 0.2a,b,d | 5.50 ± 0.5c |
| n-6/n-3 LCPUFA ratio | 1.96 ± 0.1c | 2.08 ± 0.05c | 2.51 ± 0.2a,b,d | 1.98 ± 0.1c |
Values are expressed as g fatty acid per 100 g FAME and represent the mean ± SEM for n = 12–14 mice per experimental group. Significant differences between the groups are indicated by the letter identifying each group (one-way ANOVA and the Newman-Keuls´ post-test; p < 0.05). Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) correspond to C12:0, C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) correspond to C14:1n-7, C16:1n-7 and C18:1n-9. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) correspond to C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3, and C22:6n-3; n-6 LCPUFAs are C20:4n-6 and C22:5n-3; n-3 LCPUFAs are C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3, and C22:6n-3; n-6/n-3 LCPUFA ratio: C20:4n-6/ (C20:5n-3 + C22:5n-3 + C22:6n-3)