Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients treated with the combination of azithromycin and atovaquone
| Characteristic | All (N = 40) | Admitted to ICU (n = 11) | Not admitted to ICU (n = 29) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 64 (47–81) | 60 (47–73) | 66 (52–80) | 0.44 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 26 (65) | 8 (73) | 18 (62) | 0.58 |
| Female | 14 (35) | 3 (27) | 11 (38) | 0.72 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 24 (60) | 8 (73) | 16 (55) | 0.39 |
| African American | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Hispanic | 8 (20) | 3 (27) | 5 (17) | 0.74 |
| Asian | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | |
| Declined | 2 (5) | 0 (0) | 2 (7) | |
| Other | 5 (13) | 0 (0) | 5 (17) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 17 (43) | 6 (55) | 11 (38) | 0.49 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (18) | 6 (55) | 1 (3) | 0.33 |
| Heart disease (CHF/CAD/Arrhythmias) | 9 (23) | 3 (27) | 6 (21) | 0.84 |
| Blood disease | 2 (5) | 0 | 2 (7) | |
| Cancer | 4 (10) | 0 | 4 (14) | |
| CKD | 3 (8) | 1 (9) | 2 (7) | |
| COPD/asthma | 6 (15) | 2 (18) | 4 (14) | 0.89 |
| Liver disease | 2 (5) | 2 (18) | 0 | |
| Autoimmune disease | 3 (8) | 0 | 3 (10) | |
| HIV | 1 (3) | 0 | 1 (3) | |
| Splenectomy | 5 (13) | 1 (9) | 4 (14) | |
| Days in hospital | 5 (1–9) | 6 (2–11) | 5 (1–11) | 0.55 |
| Clinical/lab characteristics | ||||
| SAPS II score (points) | 20 (14–26) | 21 (10–32) | 20 (14–26) | 0.69 |
| Temperature on admission (C) | 38.5 (37.2–39.8) | 37.2 (35.6–38.8) | 38.6 (37.6–39.8) | 0.03 |
| Peak parasitemia (%) | 1.3 (2.5–5.1) | 5.0 (1.5–11.5) | 1.1 (1.1–3.3) | 0.003 |
| Days of parasitemia (number) | 4 (1.75–6.25) | 4.5 (1.5–7.5) | 4 (1.2–6.8) | 0.70 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.7 (8.4–13.0) | 10.0 (7.9–12.2) | 11.1 (8.7–13.5) | 0.33 |
| Platelets (×103/μL) | 74 (8.3–138.8) | 64 (1.8–128.8) | 74 (8.0–139.0) | 0.66 |
| AST (U/L) | 79 (13–146) | 87 (29–146) | 72 (2–142) | 0.52 |
| ALT (U/L) | 59 (4–114) | 63 (1–125) | 46 (4–96) | 0.33 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.3 (0.8–1.8) | 1.5 (0.4–2.6) | 1.3 (0.8–1.8) | 0.40 |
| LDH (U/L) | 605 (231–979) | 719 (282–1157) | 535 (208–862) | 0.12 |
| Haptoglobin (mg/dL) | 7.4 (6.7–8.1) | 7.2 (1.5–15.9) | 7.4 (7.1–7.7) | 0.66 |
| Exchange transfusions | ||||
| No | 34 (85) | 6 (55) | 28 (97) | 0.002 |
| Yes (one) | 6 (15) | 5 (45) | 1 (3) | 0.42 |
| Outcome | ||||
| Improved and discharged | 39 (98) | 11 (100) | 28 (97) | |
| Died | 1 (2) | 0 | 1 (3) | |
Data are presented as median (IQR) or No. (%)