Table 2.

Growth rates and NADP‐GDH specific activities

Strains	Growth rates				Specific activities
	Glucose	Glucose +Glu	Ethanol	Ethanol +Glu	Glucose	Glucose +Glu	Ethanol	Ethanol +Glu
S. cerevisiae
WT ScGDH1 ScGDH3 ScGLT1	100	100	100	100	0.741 (0.05)	0.710 (0.05)	0.818 (0.05)	0.801 (0.06)
Scgdh1Δ ScGDH3 ScGLT1	37	98	60	95	0.048 (0.02)	0.046 (0.07)	0.459 (0.04)	0.435 (0.04)
ScGDH1 Scgdh3Δ ScGLT1	91	93	80	91	0.749 (0.06)	0.698 (0.03)	0.938 (0.03)	0.704 (0.04)
Scgdh1Δ Scgdh3Δ ScGLT1	20	96	35	95	ND	ND	ND	ND
ScGDH1 ScGDH3 Scglt1Δ	97	94	94	92	0.654 (0.03)	0.694 (0.08)	0.901 (0.06)	0.781 (0.02)
Scgdh1Δ Scgdh3Δ Scglt1Δ	ND	74	ND	78	ND	ND	ND	ND
L. kluyveri
WT LkGDH1 LkGLT1	100	100	100	100	0.252 (0.02)	0.279 (0.07)	0.465 (0.03)	0.424 (0.02)
Lkgdh1Δ LkGLT1	17	96	20	95	ND	ND	ND	ND
LkGDH1 Lkglt1Δ	70	81	59	77	0.229 (0.03)	0.253 (0.03)	0.418 (0.05)	0.451 (0.08)
Lkgdh1Δ Lkglt1Δ	ND	72	ND	73	ND	ND	ND	ND
K. lactis
WT KlGDH1 KlGLT1	100	100	100	100	0.431 (0.03)	0.489 (0.08)	0.645 (0.04)	0.682 (0.05)
Klgdh1Δ KlGLT1	43	98	32	97	ND	ND	ND	ND
KlGDH1 Klglt1Δ	75	76	64	62	0.446 (0.04)	0.434 (0.04)	0.593 (0.02)	0.587 (0.08)
Klgdh1Δ Klglt1Δ	ND	78	ND	65	ND	ND	ND	ND

Glu, glutamate. ND, not detected. Numbers in parentheses are standard deviations.

Growth rates values are shown relative to the WT strains: for S. cerevisiae 0.258 hr⁻¹ and 0.156 hr⁻¹; for L. kluyveri, 0.179 hr⁻¹ and 0.073 hr⁻¹; for K. lactis, 0.322 hr⁻¹ and 0.264 hr⁻¹ on glucose and ethanol, respectively, in the absence of glutamate. However, in the presence of this amino acid, growth rates of the WT strains were for S. cerevisiae 0.261 hr⁻¹ and 0.154 hr⁻¹; for L. kluyveri, 0.182 hr⁻¹ and 0.075 hr⁻¹; for K. lactis, 0.325 hr⁻¹ and 0.268 hr⁻¹ on glucose and ethanol, respectively. For the growth rates, the standard deviations of at least three independent cultures were less than 5%. Specific activity values are shown in μmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹.