. 2017 Apr 8;9(10):510–518. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i10.510

Table 1.

Population characteristics

	Total cohort (n)	Overt HE¹ (n)	No HE¹ (n)
Demographics	165	88	77
Gender
Male	119	68	51
Female	46	20	26
Mean age (years ± SD)	53 ± 8	52 ± 7	54 ± 8
Primary indication for liver transplantation
Viral hepatitis	91	52	39
Alcoholic cirrhosis	23	18	5
Cholestatic disease (PBC, PSC, autoimmune)	30	10	20
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis	7	6	1
Other	14	2	12
Ethnicity
Caucasian	130	75	55
Asian	22	6	16
Middle Eastern	8	4	4
Other	5	3	2
Clinical characteristics
CTP score mean ± SD	9 ± 2.5	11 ± 1.7^a	7 ± 2^a
CTP stage
A	41	0^a	41^a
B	47	22	25
C	77	66^a	11^a
Ascites
None	51	7^a	44^a
Medically controlled	54	36^a	18^a
Poorly controlled	60	45^a	15^a
BMI (kg/m² ± SD)	27.4 ± 5.2	28.7 ± 5.4^a	25.7 ± 4.2^a
Nutritional status	104	65	39
SGA: A (well nourished)	12	9	3
SGA: B (moderately malnourished)	65	40	25
SGA: C (severely malnourished)	27	16	11
Biochemical characteristics
25-OHD (vitamin D) (nmol/L) mean ± SD	36 ± 15	30 ± 13^a	42 ± 16^a
MELD score mean ± SD	17.1 ± 6.8	19.9 ± 6. 5^a	13.9 ± 5.7^a
Bilirubin (μmol/L) mean ± SD	114 ± 152	141 ± 167^a	83 ± 128^a
Creatinine (μmol/L) mean ± SD	84 ± 50	85 ± 35^a	83 ± 63
Albumin (g/L) mean ± SD	33 ± 6	31 ± 5^a	35 ± 6^a
INR mean ± SD	1.6 ± 0.5	1.8 ± 0.6^a	1.3 ± 0.3^a
Sodium (mmol/L) mean ± SD	136 ± 5	135 ± 5^a	138 ± 4^a
Zinc (μmol/L) mean ± SD	8 ± 4	8 ± 3^a	10 ± 5^a

P < 0.05.

Unless otherwise indicated there is no significant difference between HE and no HE. 25-OHD: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; CTP: Child Turcotte Pugh; BMI: Body mass index; SGA: Subjective nutritional assessment; MELD: Model for end stage liver disease; INR: International normalized ratio.