Table 1. Phylogeographic studies of organisms showing genetic variation structured around the Rift System.

Organism	Phylogeographic disjunctions in the Ethiopian Rift	Phylogeographic disjunctions in the Volcanic arcs	Method (Reference)
Angiosperms(habitat)
Coffea arabica (Afromontane)	Two distinct groups across the Ethiopian Rift	—	ISSR; microsatellites50,86
Lobelia giberroa (Afromontane)	Two distinct groups across the Ethiopian Rift: 1. Simien- Choke; 2. Chilallo-Bale-Gara Muleta	Two distinct groups across the Gregory Rift	AFLP8
Hagenia abyssinica (Afromontane)	Structure both sides of the Rift with rare long-distance dispersal events crossing the Rift	—	microsatellites51
Cordia africana (Afromontane)	Three different groups across the Ethiopian Rift: 1. Northwest plateau; 2. South-west Ethiopia; 3. Southeast plateau	—	AFLP and microsatellites87
Juniperus procera (Afromontane)	Two relatively different groups across the Ethiopian Rift: 1.Goba-Yabelo; 2. Chilimo-Suba-Ziquala-Washa	—	AFLP88
Prunus africana (Afromontane)	—	Two distinct groups across the Uganda Gap: 1. Albertine Rift and western Gregory Rift; 2. Eastern Gregory Rift	Plastid haplotypes, SSR52,89
Warburgia ugandensis (Afro- montane transitional forest)	—	Two distinct groups across the Uganda Gap: 1. Albertine Rift and western Gregory Rift; 2. Eastern Gregory Rift	AFLP90
Erica trimera (Ericaceous)	No difference for AFLP, but different haplotypes	A complex pattern in the Gregory Rift	AFLP and plastid haplotypes42
Arabis alpina (Afroalpine)	Two distinct groups across the Ethiopian Rift: 1. Simien, Gara M.; 2. Choke, Elgon, Meru, Kilimanjaro	A complex pattern in the Gregory Rift	Plastid haplotypes19
Cardus schimperi (Afroalpine)	Two distinct groups across the Ethiopian Rift: 1.Simien; 2. Elgon-Aberdare-Bale	Mt. Kenya population is a different subspecies; while populations from Mt. Elgon and Aberdare are closely related	AFLP26
Trifolium cryptopodium (Afroalpine)	Two distinct groups across the Ethiopian Rift: 1. Simien Choke; 2. Bale-Aberdare–Elgon-Kilimanjaro	Populations related across the Rift Valley	AFLP26
Deschampsia cespitosa (Afroalpine)	—	Two distinct groups across the Rift Valley: 1. Rwenzori; 2. Kilimanjaro-Bale	AFLP27
Senegalia senegal (savannah, semi-desert)	—	Two distinct groups across the Gregory Rift with mixed population (Marigat): 1. Western side; 2. Eastern side.	microsatellite91
Senegalia mellifera (savannah)	—	Two distinct groups across the Gregory Rift: 1. Western side; 2. Eastern side; 3. Central Gregory Rift	microsatellite49
Vertebrates
Ostrich Struthio camelus	Two subspecies both sides of the Rift (molybdophanes/camelus)	Two subspecies both sides of the Rift (Molybdophanes/camelus)	mtDNA46
Olive sunbird Nectarinia	—	Two distinct species across the Rift Valleys. 1. Western Rift Valley Nectarinia obscura. 2. Eastern Rift Valley Nectarinia olivacea	mtDNA44
Springhare Pedetes capensis	—	Two distinct groups across the Rift Valleys: eastern populations/southern populations	mtDNA92
Wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus	—	Two subspecies both sides of the Gregory Rift. 1. Western Gregory Rift: sbsp. mearnsi (Loliondo, Masai-Mara) 2. Eastern Gregory Rift: sbsp. albojubatus (Nairobi and Amboseli)	mtDNA93
African wild dog Lycaon pictus	—	Two distinct groups across the Gregory Rift. 1. Eastern clade. 2. Southern clade	mtDNA and microsatellites94
Sable antelope Hippotragus niger	—	Two distinct groups across the Gregory Rift: 1. West Tanzania and Kenya; 2. East Tanzania)	mitochondrial DNA and cyt. b95
Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis	Three distinct groups across the Ethiopian Rift: Northwest plateau (1. Wollo/Shoa; 2. Simien/Mt. Guna) and southeast plateau (3. Arsi/Bale)	—	mtDNA22
Lion Panthera leo	—	Two distinct groups across the Gregory Rift: 1. eastern (Tsavo-Transvaal); 2. western (Aberdare)	cytochrome b and NADH desh. subunit 596
Baboon Theropithecus gelada	Two distinct groups across the Ethiopian Rift (northwest and southeast plateau)	—	RFLPs97
Grass mouse Lemniscomys striatus	—	Two distinct groups across the Rift Valleys: Gregory Rift/Albertine Rift	cytochrome b98
Rodent Mastomys natalensis	—	Two distinct groups across the Rift Valleys: eastern populations/southern populations	cytochrome b99
African clawed frogs (Xenopus clivii and X. largeni)	Two distinct groups across the Ethiopian Rift (northwest and southeast plateau)	—	mtDNA, autosomal loci100
Ethiopian anurans (Tomopterna, Amietia, Leptopelis, Ptychadena)	Two distinct groups across the Ethiopian Rift	—	Several mitochondrial and nuclear genes (101)
Insects
Mosquito Anopheles gambiae	—	Two distinct groups across the Rift Valleys: eastern populations (Kimili, Asembo bay, Kisian, Awendo)/western populations (Malindi, Jego)	microsatellites102,103,104,105
Tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes	—	Two distinct groups across the Rift Valley: East Rift Valley (Dakabuko, Alangoshira, Shimba Hills, Kibwezi); West Rift Valley (Nguruman, Shompole, Marech)	Allozimes, microsatellites, mitochondrial loci106
Mosquito Anopheles funestus	—	Two distinct groups across the Rift Valley: western Kenya pop. (Mbita, Udhoro)/Coastal populations (Majajani, Magaoni)	microsatellites107
Termite Scledorhinotermes lamanianus	—	Two distinct groups across the Rift Valley: eastern populations/western populations	AFLPs57