Table 2. Comparison of changes of echocardiography parameters and other characteristics according to catestatin concentrations at D3.
| Parameters | Low catestatin (<28.71 ng/ml) | High catestatin (>28.71 ng/ml) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| ΔLVEDD | −2.28 ± 1.78 | 1.05 ± 3.38 | <0.0001 |
| ΔEF | +3.25 ± 3.22 | −0.08 ± 3.13 | <0.0001 |
| ΔIVS | −0.19 ± 0.53 | −0.22 ± 0.64 | 0.8406 |
| ΔLVPW | −0.22 ± 0.49 | −0.25 ± 0.50 | 0.8115 |
| ΔE | 9.19 ± 5.72 | 5.44 ± 7.18 | 0.0167 |
| ΔA | −0.25 ± 3.16 | 4.47 ± 7.14 | 0.0005 |
| ΔE' | 1.72 ± 1.30 | 0.08 ± 1.63 | <0.0001 |
| ΔE/A | 0.11 ± 0.07 | 0.01 ± 0.14 | 0.0003 |
| ΔE/E' | −0.76 ± 0.92 | 0.59 ± 1.43 | <0.0001 |
| Age (years) | 60.9 ± 14.9 | 61.8 ± 14.1 | 0.7954 |
| Male (%) | 77.8 | 86.1 | 0.3580 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 135.1 ± 18.4 | 132.7 ± 16.9 | 0.5528 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.6 ± 12.3 | 80.5 ± 13.2 | 0.0245 |
| Heart rates (beats/min) | 82.4 ± 13.2 | 82.3 ± 12.1 | 0.9629 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 25.0 | 19.4 | 0.5708 |
| Hypertension (%) | 61.1 | 66.7 | 0.6236 |
| Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 66.7 | 52.8 | 0.2296 |
| Active smoker (%) | 50.0 | 58.3 | 0.4780 |
| β-blocker usage (%) | 5.6 | 8.3 | 0.6429 |
| Hs-CRP (mg/l) | 22.17 ± 26.14 | 16.13 ± 20.34 | 0.2779 |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) | 95.9 ± 18.8 | 95.8 ± 13.0 | 0.9711 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 6.7 ± 2.3 | 6.5 ± 2.6 | 0.7350 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.6 ± 1.0 | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 0.0923 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 0.0421 |
LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; EF, ejection fraction; IVS, Interventricular septal end diastolic dimension; LVPW, left ventricular posterior wall thickness; E, peak early diastolic mitral flow velocity; A, peak late diastolic mitral flow velocity; E’, doppler-derived peak early diastolic mitral flow velocity; Hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.