Table 1. Characteristics of the participants at metabolomics sampling.
| Cases (N = 96) | Non-cases (N = 104) | P* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study group (N, lifestyle/control) | 37/59 | 62/42 | 0.003 |
| Age (years) | 55.3 ± 7.2 | 56.3 ± 6.6 | 0.29 |
| Sex (male/female) | 35/61 | 37/67 | 0.90 |
| Body weight (kg) | 90.0 ± 16.9 | 80.2 ± 12.1 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.8 ± 4.8 | 28.6 ± 4.0 | <0.001 |
| Plasma glucose, mmol/l | |||
| fasting | 6.6 ± 0.9 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| 2-hour | 9.9 ± 2.1 | 7.5 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| Serum insulin, pmol/l | |||
| fasting | 104.2 (76.4; 152.8) | 69.5 (55.6; 90.3) | <0.001 |
| 2-hour | 535 (363; 839) | 347 (229; 514) | <0.001 |
| Matsuda ISI | 2.50 (1.69; 3.00) (N = 43) | 4.26 (33.0; 5.72) (N = 40) | <0.001 |
| DI30 | 71 (58.8; 86.5) (N = 43) | 131 (105; 156) (N = 40) | <0.001 |
Data are mean ± SD or median (IQR). Matsuda ISI: Matsuda insulin sensitivity index DI30: disposition index
*P for the difference between groups using one-way ANOVA for continuous variables or χ2 test for categorical variable.