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. 2017 Apr 11;7:46337. doi: 10.1038/srep46337

Table 3. The effect of top ranking metabolites significantly associated with T2D on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion during follow-up.

Metabolite Traits (dependent variable) Non-T2D cases (N = 104)
 T2D cases (N = 96)
β Lower 95% CI Higher 95% CI P† β Lower 95% CI Higher 95% CI P†
Indolepropionic acid Matsuda ISI 0.13 −0.17 0.43 0.39 0.03 −0.22 0.27 0.83
DI30 0.25 0.06 0.44 0.01 −0.04 −0.30 0.21 0.73
LPC(17:0) Matsuda ISI 0.21 0.01 0.41 0.04 0.23 −0.02 0.47 0.07
DI30 0.05 −0.15 0.25 0.60 0.15 −0.11 0.40 0.26
LPC(19:0) Matsuda ISI 0.13 −0.07 0.33 0.20 0.12 −0.13 0.36 0.35
DI30 −0.04 −0.24 0.16 0.69 0.07 −0.18 0.33 0.56
LPC(20:1) Matsuda ISI 0.23 0.03 0.43 0.02 −0.01 −0.28 0.27 0.97
DI30 −0.01 −0.21 0.19 0.91 0.15 −0.13 0.43 0.28
PC(22:6/18:2) Matsuda ISI 0.21 0.01 0.40 0.04 −0.12 −0.36 0.12 0.31
DI30 0.02 −0.18 0.22 0.82 0.05 −0.20 0.30 0.69
PC(18:1/22:6) Matsuda ISI 0.15 −0.05 0.35 0.14 −0.05 −0.29 0.20 0.71
DI30 −0.17 −0.36 0.03 0.10 0.19 −0.06 0.44 0.13
LPC(15:1) Matsuda ISI 0.26 0.07 0.46 0.01 0.08 −0.17 0.32 0.54
DI30 0.09 −0.11 0.30 0.37 0.05 −0.24 −0.34 0.73
PC(20:4/17:0) Matsuda ISI −0.04 −0.24 0.16 0.68 −0.02 −0.27 0.22 0.85
DI30 0.03 −0.17 0.23 0.75 0.01 −0.24 0.27 0.92
PC(22:6/17:0) Matsuda ISI −0.07 −0.27 0.13 0.48 0.01 −0.23 0.26 0.91
DI30 −0.16 −0.35 0.04 0.12 0.17 −0.09 0.42 0.19
PC(15:1/18:2) Matsuda ISI 0.32 0.13 0.51 0.001 0.25 −0.01 0.51 0.06
DI30 0.17 −0.03 0.36 0.10 0.00 −0.27 0.27 0.99
LPE(16:0) Matsuda ISI 0.06 −0.14 0.26 0.57 −0.11 −0.36 0.15 0.40
DI30 0.03 −0.17 0.23 0.79 −0.07 −0.33 0.20 0.61
PC(18:2/15:0) Matsuda ISI 0.09 −0.11 0.30 0.37 0.14 −0.12 0.40 0.29
DI30 0.15 −0.05 0.36 0.14 0.19 −0.08 0.45 0.16
L-Phenylalanine Matsuda ISI −0.23 −0.42 −0.04 0.02 −0.26 −0.49 −0.02 0.04
DI30 −0.07 −0.27 0.13 0.48 0.04 −0.22 0.29 0.78
Tyrosine Matsuda ISI −0.36 −0.55 −0.17 2.7 × 10−4 −0.40 −0.63 −0.16 0.001
DI30 −0.12 −0.32 0.08 0.23 0.06 −0.20 0.32 0.66
Alanine Matsuda ISI −0.08 −0.27 0.12 0.45 −0.03 −0.31 0.25 0.82
DI30 0.17 −0.02 0.37 0.08 0.13 −0.15 0.42 0.35
Proline Matsuda ISI −0.18 −0.38 0.02 0.08 −0.08 −0.32 0.17 0.53
DI30 −0.14 −0.34 0.06 0.18 0.09 −0.15 0.34 0.45
Isoleucine Matsuda ISI −0.27 −0.46 −0.08 0.006 −0.28 −0.53 −0.03 0.03
DI30 −0.01 −0.21 0.19 0.90 0.02 −0.24 0.29 0.87

*Non-T2D cases mean of 7 years (up to 14 years). T2D cases up to 5 years.

†For ANCOVA models testing the effect of each metabolite on either one of the traits (dependent variable), adjusted for study group (fixed factor). Averaged measurements are calculated as: mean of years 2,3,4 and 5 in T2D cases and mean of years 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 in non-T2D cases. ISI: insulin sensitivity index DI30: disposition index.