Expression of a chromosomal rsmE′-′lacZ fusion in the wild-type context (CHA1134, solid squares), in a gacA mutant (CHA1136, open squares), in an rsmA mutant (CHA1161, open circles), in an rsmE mutant (CHA1138, solid circles), and in an rsmA rsmE double mutant (CHA1162, solid diamonds). Each value is the average from three different cultures ± standard deviation.