Table 7.
1. Class I: No evidence of heart failure |
2. Class II: Findings of mild to moderate heart failure (S3 gallop, rales < half-way up lung fields or elevated jugular venous pressure |
3. Class III: Pulmonary edema with rales > half-way up lung fields |
4. Class IV: Cardiogenic shock defined as systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg and signs of hypoperfusion such as oliguria, cyanosis, and sweating |