Table 2.
Overview of the maximum uptake of organic molecules by functionalized nanocellulose with a comparison to similar cellulose material when possible.
| Functionalization Nature and Route | Contaminant | pH | Qmax (mg/g) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNC-SO3− (sulfuric acid hydrolysis) | Methylene blue | 9 | 118 | [70] |
| Tetracycline hydrochloride | 7 | [80] | ||
| CNC-COOH (TEMPO) | Methylene blue | 9 | 769 | [70] |
| CNC-COOH (esterification with maleic anhydrid) | Crystal violet | 6 | 244 | [71] |
| CNC-COOH (reaction with ammonium persulfate) | Methylene blue | 7 | 101 | [73] |
| CNC-COOH (reaction with citric acid) | Methylene blue | 7 | 135 | [74] |
| CNC-NH2 (oxidation with NaIO4 followed by reaction with ethylenediamine) | Acid red GR | 4.7 | 556 | [27] |
| CNF-NR4+ (reaction with EPTMAC) | Congo red | 664 | [75] | |
| Acid green 25 | 683 | [75] | ||
| Humic acid | 310 | [77] | ||
| CNC-NH2 (grafted with PVAm) | Acid red GR | 9 | 869 | [76] |
| Congo red 4BS | 1469 | |||
| Light yellow K-4G | 1250 | |||
| CNC-NH2 (oxidation with NaIO4 followed by grafting with hyperbranched PEI) | Congo red | 2100 | [77] | |
| Basic yellow | 1860 |