lsrR is epistatic to glpD. (A) β-Galactosidase activity of the lsr-lacZ fusion in strains KX1123 (WT), KX1304 (glpD), KX1328 (lsrR), and KX1374 (glpD lsrR) at different times during growth in LB medium. (B) AI-2 activity in cell-free culture fluids of strains MG1655 (WT), KX17 (glpD), KX1328 (lsrR), and KX1374 (glpD lsrR) as determined by the V. harveyi bioluminescence bioassay.