. 2017 Apr 3;13:427–437. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S81141

Table 4.

ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT recommendations for the treatment of IPF (2015 update)

Recommendation	Therapy
Conditional for use	Pirfenidone^a
	Nintedanib^a
	Antiacid therapy^b
Conditional against use	NAC monotherapy^b
	Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition with sildenafil^a
	Dual ERA antagonism with macitentan^b
	Dual ERA antagonism with ambrisentan^b
Strong against use	“Triple” therapy with azathioprine, NAC, and prednisone^b
	Anticoagulation with warfarin^b
	Selective ERA antagonism with ambrisentan^b
	Imatinib^a
Deferred	Therapy for Class 3 PH associated with IPF
	Single vs bilateral lung transplantation

Notes:

Moderate confidence in effect estimates.

Low confidence in effect estimates.

Abbreviations: ERA, endothelin receptor antagonist; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; PH, pulmonary hypertension; ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT, American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society/Japanese Respiratory Society/Latin American Thoracic Association.