Table 5.
Multivariable logistic regression of factors associated with patient satisfaction after low back surgery
| Patient satisfaction
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate
|
Adjusted for age and sex
|
|||||
| OR | 95% CI | P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female (vs. male) | 1.129 | 0.879–1.450 | 0.341 | – | – | – |
| Age, years | ||||||
| Age ≥65 (vs. <65) | 0.591 | 0.415–0.841 | <0.005 | – | – | – |
| Age (10 per year old) | 0.841 | 0.779–0.907 | <0.001 | – | – | – |
| Currently married (vs. unmarried) | 0.920 | 0.729–1.163 | 0.487 | 1.205 | 0.927–1.566 | 0.163 |
| The intensity of residual low back pain | ||||||
| None | 1.000 | Ref | 1.000 | Ref | ||
| Mild | 0.485 | 0.253–0.930 | <0.05 | 0.429 | 0.223–0.826 | <0.05 |
| Moderate (vs. mild) | 0.252 | 0.134–0.476 | <0.001 | 0.205 | 0.108–0.390 | <0.001 |
| Severe (vs. mild) | 0.112 | 0.058–0.219 | <0.001 | 0.096 | 0.049–0.188 | <0.001 |
| NRS of residual low back pain (per 1) | 0.816 | 0.780–0.853 | <0.001 | 0.804 | 0.769–0.841 | <0.001 |
| The outcome of low back pain | ||||||
| Disappeared | 5.003 | 3.216–7.785 | <0.001 | 5403 | 3.462–8.432 | <0.001 |
| Improved | 1.000 | Ref | 1.000 | Ref | ||
| No change | 0.120 | 0.083–0.171 | <0.001 | 0.125 | 0.087–0.180 | <0.001 |
| Worsened | 0.137 | 0.063–0.298 | <0.001 | 0.148 | 0.067–0.324 | <0.001 |
| The outcome of dull ache in low back | ||||||
| Disappeared | 2.103 | 1.444–3.062 | <0.001 | 2.210 | 1.514–3.226 | <0.001 |
| Improved | 1.000 | Ref | 1.000 | Ref | ||
| No change | 0.348 | 0.271–0.448 | <0.001 | 0.362 | 0.281–0.466 | <0.001 |
| Worsened | 0.201 | 0.087–0.463 | <0.001 | 0.201 | 0.086–0.467 | <0.001 |
| The outcome of numbness in legs | ||||||
| Disappeared | 2.560 | 1.829–3.583 | <0.001 | 2.601 | 1.856–3.647 | <0.001 |
| Improved | 1.000 | Ref | 1.000 | Ref | ||
| No change | 0.642 | 0.496–0.831 | <0.001 | 0.610 | 0.470–0.792 | <0.001 |
| Worsened | 0.234 | 0.137–0.399 | <0.001 | 0.248 | 0.144–0.425 | <0.001 |
| The outcome of coldness in feet | ||||||
| Disappeared | 1.572 | 1.037–2.382 | <0.005 | 1.624 | 1.070–2.466 | <0.005 |
| Improved | 1.000 | Ref | 1.000 | Ref | ||
| No change | 0.637 | 0.482–0.844 | <0.005 | 0.662 | 0.499–0.877 | <0.005 |
| Worsened | 0.175 | 0.097–0,316 | <0.001 | 0.185 | 0.102–0.337 | <0.001 |
| The outcome of paresthesia in feet | ||||||
| Disappeared | 2.527 | 1.655–3.860 | <0.001 | 2.571 | 1.681–3.932 | <0.001 |
| Improved | 1.000 | Ref | 1.000 | Ref | ||
| No change | 0.982 | 0.743–1.298 | 0.900 | 1.014 | 0.766–1.342 | 0.922 |
| Worsened | 0.209 | 0.120–0.366 | <0.001 | 0.227 | 0.129–0.400 | <0.001 |
| Multiple low back surgeries (vs. single low back surgery) | 0.460 | 0.355–0.596 | <0.001 | 0.435 | 0.334–0.566 | <0.001 |
| Spinal fusion surgery (vs. decompression surgery) | 0.710 | 0.548–0.920 | <0.05 | 0.731 | 0.563–0.949 | <0.05 |
| EQ-5D utility value (per 0.1) | 1.787 | 1.653–1.932 | <0.001 | 1.804 | 1.668–1.952 | <0.001 |
| K6 score (per 1) | 0.912 | 0.892–0.932 | <0.001 | 0.899 | 0.879–0.919 | <0.001 |
Note: Participants were considered satisfied with their low back surgery if they replied that they were “satisfied” or “somewhat satisfied” on a four-grade scale. Dash (–) means not applicable.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; EQ-5D, EuroQol-5 dimensions; K6, Kessler psychological distress scale; OR, odds ratio; Ref, reference.