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In-plane rotation of HeLa cells. (a) The oscillating sharp-edge structure traps and rotates a HeLa cell through acoustic streaming vortices that are visualized (b) experimentally using 1 μm fluorescent polystyrene beads and (c) numerically by a perturbation approach. (d) The rotation rate of the HeLa cells can be tuned by the applied peak-to-peak voltage and the geometry of the sharp-edge structures. Smaller sharp-edge angles and longer sharp edges yield higher rotation rates.
