Table 1. Selected characteristics of participants by baseline diabetes status.
| Characteristic | No diabetes (n = 482,591) | Screen-detected diabetes (n = 14,138) | Previously diagnosed diabetes (n = 16,162) | Overall (n = 512,891) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 51.2 (10.5) | 56.0 (10.5) | 58.8 (10.5) | 51.5 (10.7) |
| Women | 58.8 | 61.9 | 64.3 | 59.0 |
| Urban resident | 43.1 | 54.8 | 63.6 | 44.1 |
| Education > 6 y | 49.2 | 45.7 | 52.1 | 49.2 |
| Household income > 20,000 yuan/year | 42.6 | 43.3 | 45.9 | 42.7 |
| Current smoking | ||||
| Men | 61.4 | 60.5 | 51.4 | 61.1 |
| Women | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.4 |
| Current alcohol intake | ||||
| Men | 33.6 | 35.7 | 21.2 | 14.8 |
| Women | 2.1 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 2.1 |
| Physical activity, MET-h/d | 21.2 (11.9) | 19.8 (11.9) | 18.5 (12.0) | 21.1 (13.9) |
| BMI, kg/m2* | 23.6 (3.2) | 25.0 (3.2) | 24.7 (3.3) | 23.7 (3.4) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 80.0 (9.2) | 85.1 (9.2) | 84.6 (9.3) | 80.3 (9.8) |
| SBP, mm Hg | 130.6 (19.6) | 139.2 (19.6) | 137.8 (19.8) | 131.1 (21.3) |
| Random blood glucose, mmol/l* | 5.7 (1.7) | 13.0 (1.7) | 11.2 (1.7) | 6.1 (2.3) |
| Prior IHD | 2.9 | 3.0 | 6.7 | 3.0 |
| Prior stroke | 1.6 | 2.2 | 4.0 | 1.7 |
| Family history of diabetes | 6.4 | 12.1 | 24.8 | 7.1 |
| Regular food consumption† | ||||
| Meat | 47.1 | 47.9 | 49.6 | 47.2 |
| Dairy products | 11.7 | 10.6 | 20.3 | 11.9 |
| Preserved vegetables | 22.7 | 22.7 | 20.4 | 22.6 |
| Fresh vegetables | 94.8 | 94.6 | 95.7 | 94.8 |
| Fresh fruit consumption | ||||
| Never/rarely | 6.0 | 6.7 | 18.9 | 6.4 |
| Monthly | 33.9 | 35.0 | 34.7 | 34.0 |
| 1–3 d/wk | 31.6 | 31.3 | 26.6 | 31.5 |
| 4–6 d/wk | 9.4 | 9.8 | 7.3 | 9.4 |
| Daily | 19.1 | 17.2 | 12.5 | 18.8 |
Values are mean (standard deviation) or percentage and were adjusted for age, sex, and region, where appropriate.
*Random blood glucose was missing for 8,341 participants. BMI was missing for two participants.
†Regular consumption means consuming food products for at least 4 d/wk, except for fresh vegetables, where it means daily consumption.
BMI, body mass index; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; MET, metabolic equivalent; SBP, systolic blood pressure.