Table 2. Summary of all performed investigations including animal species, tissues investigated and method applied.
| Method | Animals tested | Results | Used material | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red fox (n = 79) | Stone marten (n = 17) | Raccoon dog (n = 10) | Red fox (n = 79) | Stone marten (n = 17) | Raccoon dog (n = 10) | ||
| IHC | FFPEa | ||||||
| CDV | 79 | 17 | 10 | - | - | - | |
| FeLv | 9 | 4 | 3 | - | - | - | |
| Parvovirus | 9 | 4 | 3 | - | - | - | |
| Borna disease | 9 | 4 | 3 | - | - | - | |
| Toxopasma gondii | 9 | 4 | 3 | - | - | - | |
| Influenza A | 17 | 5 | 3 | - | - | - | |
| Tick-borne encephalitis | 9 | 4 | 3 | - | - | - | |
| Neospora caninum | 9 | 4 | 3 | - | - | - | |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 9 | 4 | 3 | - | - | - | |
| Canines adenovirus 1 | 9 | 4 | 3 | - | - | - | |
| PCR | FFPEb | ||||||
| fox circovirus DNA | 9 | n.t. | n.t. | - | n.t. | n.t | |
| SNT | 16 | n.t. | 2 | + | n.t. | - | Serum |
| NGS | 5 | 1 | n.t. | 2+ | - | n.t | Native materialc |
| IF | |||||||
| Fox rabies virus | 79 | 17 | 10 | - | - | - | Native materiald |
| Virus cultivation | Native materiale | ||||||
| Herpes suis (Aujeszky’s disease) | 79 | 17 | 10 | - | - | - | |
| Ziehl-Neelsen staining | FFPEf | ||||||
| acid-fast bacteria/ Enzephalitozoon cuniculi | 1 | 2 | 4 | - | - | - | |
FFPE, Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; IHC, Immunohistochemisty; PCR, Polymerase chain reaction; SNT, Serum neutralization test; NGS, Next generation sequencing; IF, Immunofluorescence; Native material (fresh non formalin-fixated material);
a Brain tissue or lung tissue depending on the localisation of the lesion;
b brain tissue;
ccerebrum;
d hippocampus;
e brain stem, olfactory bulb, lumbar spinal cord & trigeminal ganglion;
f lung- or brain tissue; -, negative; +, positive; n.t., not tested