Figure 7.

Effects of pHK and pHK-PAS on cellular metabolic activities. A) Changes in mitochondrial bioenergetic function. HeLa cells were treated with 25 μM pHK (red bars) or pHK-PAS (blue bars) for 24 h at 37°C. Cells were then subjected to sequential addition of 1.0 μM FCCP and a mixture of 1.0 μM rotenone and 1.0 μM antimycin A, and the OCR was measured on a Seahorse XFp Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Spare respiratory capacity (right bars) was determined from the change in OCR from the baseline rate in response to FCCP, and maximal respiration (left bars) from the difference between the FCCP-induced OCR and the value after addition of rotenone and antimycin A. B) Changes in glycolytic function. HeLa cells were treated with 25 μM pHK (red bars) or pHK-PAS (blue bars) for 24 h at 37°C, followed by sequential addition of 10 mM glucose and 1.0 μM oligomycin, and the ECAR was measured on a Seahorse XFp Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Glycolysis (left bars) and glycolytic capacity (right bars) were determined from changes in ECAR from the baseline rate in response to glucose and oligomycin, respectively. ns, nonsignificant (P > 0.05). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001.