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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 22.
Published in final edited form as: Cells Tissues Organs. 2017 Feb 22;203(4):258–266. doi: 10.1159/000449407

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics in the exercise (E), diet (D) and diet + exercise (D+E) intervention groups.

Intervention group All E D D+E
n= 106 36 35 35
Mean or FR SD or % Mean or FR SD or % Mean or FR SD or % Mean or FR SD or %
Demographics
 BMI [kg/m2] 33.9 ±3.8 33.7 ±3.7 34.3 ±4.1 33.7 ±3.7
 Body weight [kg] 93.5 ±14.0 91.6 ±13.0 96.9 ±15.7 91.9 ±13.0
 Sex [female] 77 72.6 27 75.0 24 68.6 26 74.3
  [male] 29 27.4 9 25.0 11 31.4 9 25.7
IPFP parameter
 Volume [cm3] 26.7 ±7.0 25.3 ±6.3 28.0 ±7.6 26.6 ±6.9
 Anterior surface area [cm2] 24.6 ±5.6 24.1 ±5.5 25.3 ±6.2 24.4 ±5.3
 Posterior surface area [cm2] 37.3 ±7.8 35.9 ±7.4 38.7 ±8.9 37.4 ±6.9
 Mean thickness [mm] 6.5 ±0.6 6.4 ±0.5 6.6 ±0.7 6.5 ±0.7
 Maximal thickness [mm] 15.0 ±1.6 14.9 ±1.5 15.3 ±1.6 14.9 ±1.6

n = sample size, IPFP = infrapatellar fat pad, FR = frequency, SD = standard deviation