Fig. 1.

Third instar larvae: a Musca domestica with artificial colours; b Morellia sp. with artificial grey lines indicating segment borders and arrows pointing to the spines on anterior and posterior margins; c Fannia canicularis; d Hydrotaea dentipes, anal division in posterior view; e Synthesiomyia nudiseta, anal division with papillae surrounding posterior spiracles (arrows) in posterior view; f Atherigona orientalis, anal division, lateral view. Abbreviations: a1–7 abdominal segments, ad anal division, ex extra-anal papilla, pa postanal papilla, paa para-anal papilla, pc pseudocephalon, ps posterior spiracle, sa subanal papilla, t1–3, thoracic segments