Table 4.

Pearson chi squared analyses (χ²) and Cramer's V (V) identified significantly weak, moderate, and strong associations between the sagittal plane joint patterns and patient-specific characteristics, previous surgery, spasticity, and weakness.

	PSb		HS		KSTS		KSWS		ASTS		ASWS
	χ2	V	χ2	V	χ2	V	χ2	V	χ2	V	χ2	V
N = 286 PATIENTS
Uni-/bilateral CP	7.77	0.17	8.84*	0.18	24.69**	0.29	27.46***	0.31	5.83	0.14	20.66**	0.27
Age	13.21*	0.15	11.03*	0.14	16.95	0.17	37.08***	0.26	28.02**	0.22	9.02	0.13
GMFCS	38.96***	0.26	30.49***	0.23	64.70a***	0.34	53.73a***	0.31	27.00a*	0.22	10.31	0.13
N = 446 LIMBS
Previous surgery	8.26*	0.14	8.83*	0.14	14.40*	0.18	1.05	0.05	18.70*	0.21	55.71***	0.35
MAS Hip joint	68.51***	0.23	41.95***	0.22	81.37***	0.25	149.48***	0.33	44.60***	0.18	14.16	0.10
MAS Knee joint	44.23***	0.22	27.41***	0.18	71.86***	0.28	91.68***	0.32	29.64**	0.18	18.47*	0.14
MAS Ankle joint	29.12***	0.26	4.07	0.10	39.30***	0.30	67.69***	0.39	42.28***	0.31	17.20*	0.20
MMT Hip joint	52.18***	0.34	30.25***	0.26	48.80***	0.33	51.31***	0.34	9.35	0.15	12.82*	0.17
MMT Knee joint	57.67***	0.36	35.44***	0.28	36.51***	0.29	72.23***	0.40	18.91*	0.21	10.33*	0.15
MMT Ankle joint	79.96***	0.25	38.31***	0.21	59.66***	0.21	78.05***	0.24	28.85*	0.15	33.43**	0.16

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.001;

^***p < 0.0001; χ², Pearson chi squared; V, Cramer's V, indicating significantly weak (light gray), moderate (darker gray), and strong (dark gray) associations based on degrees of freedom (section Statistical analysis and Table S2);

^aResults should be interpreted with caution because >20% of cells had expected frequencies lower than n = 5;

^bN = 282 patients and N = 442 limbs due to exclusion of PS4 and PS5.