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. 2016 Oct 8;388(10053):1603–1658. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31460-X

Table 2.

Global, regional, and national or territory life expectancy and HALE at birth, by sex, in 2005 and 2015, and HALE at age 65, by sex, in 2015

2005, at birth
2015, at birth
2015, at age 65 years
Females
Males
Females
Males
Females
Males
Life expectancy HALE Life expectancy HALE Life expectancy HALE Life expectancy HALE Life expectancy HALE Life expectancy HALE
Global 70·73 (70·48–70·96) 61·37 (58·61–63·76) 65·69 (65.45–65·93) 57·96 (55·69–59·98) 74·83 (74·39–75·25) 64·88 (61·96–67·46) 69·04 (68·63–69·42) 60·91 (58·55–63·01) 18·46 (18·31–18·61) 14·19 (12·98–15·28) 15·45 (15·31–15·59) 11·90 (10·89–12·81)
High SDI 80·26 (80·23–80·28) 69·62 (66·53–72·30) 73·25 (73·20–73·29) 64·82 (62·36–66·96) 82·34 (82·26–82·41) 71·33 (68·13–74·13) 76·21 (76·10–76·31) 67·27 (64·70–69·54) 20·96 (20·92–21·01) 16·18 (14·83–17·38) 17·66 (17·62–17·70) 13·55 (12·38–14·58)
High-middle SDI 75·26 (75·02–75·51) 65·85 (63·11–68·23) 69·26 (68·96–69·53) 61·50 (59·22–63·59) 79·13 (78·80–79·43) 69·09 (66·18–71·63) 72·69 (72·25–73·10) 64·46 (62·01–66·60) 19·20 (19·01–19·40) 14·90 (13·69–16·00) 15·81 (15·58–16·01) 12·30 (11·29–13·21)
Middle SDI 71·83 (71·49–72·19) 62·72 (60·08–65·04) 66·80 (66·43–67·19) 59·31 (57·11–61·26) 75·71 (75·21–76·19) 66·02 (63·24–68·52) 69·55 (68·99–70·14) 61·74 (59·46–63·75) 17·33 (17·03–17·62) 13·36 (12·19–14·40) 14·30 (14·01–14·59) 11·13 (10·24–11·95)
Low-middle SDI 62·59 (61·97–63·21) 53·65 (51·01–56·01) 60·30 (59·69–60·86) 52·55 (50·22–54·66) 67·72 (66·80–68·61) 58·18 (55·33–60·84) 63·83 (62·99–64·62) 55·85 (53·44–58·01) 14·75 (14·34–15·16) 11·00 (9·95–12·05) 13·39 (13·06–13·70) 10·09 (9·18–10·94)
Low SDI 56·19 (55·16–57·24) 48·18 (45·46–50·55) 54·49 (53·52–55·45) 47·34 (45·02–49·45) 62·30 (60·22–64·27) 53·64 (50·41–56·49) 59·13 (56·85–61·28) 51·66 (48·91–54·31) 13·35 (12·36–14·29) 9·88 (8·61–11·06) 12·78 (11·77–13·68) 9·55 (8·41–10·63)
High-income 82·09 (82·07–82·11) 71·13 (67·95–73·87) 76·35 (76·33–76·37) 67·48 (64·90–69·75) 83·42 (83·38–83·46) 72·21 (68·97–75·02) 78·10 (78·05–78·15) 68·91 (66·27–71·25) 21·68 (21·65–21·70) 16·78 (15·39–18·00) 18·24 (18·22–18·27) 14·03 (12·82–15·09)
High-income North America 80·43 (80·39–80·47) 68·84 (65·64–71·64) 75·33 (75·28–75·37) 65·86 (63·17–68·24) 81·75 (81·68–81·82) 69·80 (66·51–72·75) 77·02 (76·95–77·10) 67·11 (64·32–69·65) 20·80 (20·74–20·86) 15·56 (14·12–16·84) 18·17 (18·12–18·21) 13·50 (12·21–14·67)
Canada 82·53 (82·48–82·60) 71·39 (68·19–74·21) 77·81 (77·75–77·86) 68·29 (65·47–70·74) 83·86 (83·66–84·08) 72·49 (69·32–75·37) 79·50 (79·28–79·72) 69·64 (66·80–72·16) 21·87 (21·72–22·02) 16·77 (15·33–18·04) 18·81 (18·68–18·94) 14·29 (13·00–15·44)
Greenland 71·07 (70·24–71·91) 61·63 (59·00–64·06) 67·44 (66·72–68·12) 59·74 (57·50–61·80) 74·90 (73·77–75·71) 64·81 (61·93–67·47) 70·00 (69·06–70·94) 61·90 (59·46–64·13) 16·76 (16·23–17·09) 12·65 (11·46–13·71) 14·26 (14·01–14·52) 10·79 (9·82–11·66)
USA 80·21 (80·17–80·25) 68·57 (65·38–71·38) 75·06 (75·00–75·11) 65·60 (62·93–67·96) 81·52 (81·44–81·60) 69·50 (66·21–72·47) 76·74 (76·66–76·83) 66·82 (64·05–69·35) 20·68 (20·62–20·74) 15·42 (13·99–16·71) 18·09 (18·04–18·14) 13·41 (12·12–14·58)
Australasia 83·25 (83·20–83·31) 71·66 (68·37–74·50) 78·57 (78·52–78·62) 68·83 (66·11–71·26) 84·32 (84·21–84·44) 72·57 (69·31–75·54) 80·09 (79·98–80·20) 70·08 (67·24–72·60) 22·01 (21·93–22·09) 17·06 (15·65–18·29) 19·11 (19·05–19·18) 14·66 (13·42–15·79)
Australia 83·55 (83·49–83·61) 71·88 (68·59–74·74) 78·76 (78·70–78·82) 68·94 (66·19–71·38) 84·52 (84·41–84·65) 72·72 (69·43–75·71) 80·19 (80·08–80·31) 70·12 (67·25–72·66) 22·13 (22·04–22·22) 17·15 (15·75–18·40) 19·16 (19·08–19·23) 14·67 (13·43–15·82)
New Zealand 81·80 (81·67–81·93) 70·59 (67·45–73·42) 77·61 (77·48–77·73) 68·32 (65·64–70·68) 83·29 (83·03–83·53) 71·83 (68·60–74·82) 79·58 (79·30–79·88) 69·94 (67·20–72·40) 21·39 (21·20–21·55) 16·57 (15·20–17·82) 18·89 (18·74–19·06) 14·59 (13·37–15·68)
High-income Asia Pacific 84·71 (84·67–84·76) 74·76 (71·79–77·29) 77·77 (77·70–77·83) 69·68 (67·35–71·75) 85·95 (85·85–86·05) 75·82 (72·83–78·39) 79·39 (79·24–79·53) 71·05 (68·64–73·16) 23·39 (23·32–23·46) 18·66 (17·29–19·85) 18·67 (18·61–18·73) 14·63 (13·48–15·62)
Brunei 78·95 (78·49–79·31) 69·48 (66·76–72·02) 74·80 (74·36–75·15) 66·88 (64·59–69·00) 79·36 (78·84–79·87) 69·96 (67·21–72·39) 75·13 (74·43–75·87) 67·20 (64·83–69·39) 18·77 (18·50–19·01) 14·81 (13·69–15·83) 15·96 (15·61–16·33) 12·45 (11·43–13·43)
Japan 85·34 (85·31–85·37) 75·43 (72·48–77·97) 78·46 (78·44–78·49) 70·32 (67·99–72·38) 86·35 (86·28–86·41) 76·28 (73·33–78·85) 79·94 (79·88–80·00) 71·54 (69·14–73·67) 23·78 (23·73–23·84) 19·04 (17·65–20·25) 18·94 (18·91–18·98) 14·85 (13·69–15·88)
Singapore 82·17 (81·99–82·35) 73·34 (70·67–75·64) 77·88 (77·70–78·05) 70·62 (68·52–72·48) 83·99 (83·69–84·35) 75·02 (72·28–77·44) 79·83 (79·45–80·18) 72·31 (70·06–74·21) 21·19 (20·97–21·46) 17·24 (16·02–18·32) 18·19 (17·94–18·42) 14·75 (13·69–15·65)
South Korea 81·97 (81·79–82·15) 71·92 (68·98–74·42) 75·22 (74·95–75·50) 67·35 (65·02–69·41) 84·28 (83·91–84·64) 73·97 (70·91–76·61) 77·53 (76·98–78·05) 69·38 (66·95–71·51) 21·66 (21·39–21·91) 16·97 (15·58–18·18) 17·33 (17·02–17·62) 13·49 (12·34–14·50)
Western Europe 82·60 (82·59–82·62) 71·55 (68·33–74·39) 76·99 (76·98–77·01) 68·13 (65·50–70·42) 83·97 (83·91–84·03) 72·75 (69·44–75·62) 78·93 (78·87–79·00) 69·82 (67·16–72·15) 21·64 (21·60–21·67) 16·79 (15·38–18·01) 18·29 (18·25–18·32) 14·20 (12·99–15·23)
Andorra 87·91 (87·62–88·21) 75·88 (72·38–78·96) 80·38 (79·98–80·77) 70·89 (68·11–73·38) 88·44 (88·12–88·73) 76·30 (72·75–79·42) 81·20 (80·80–81·57) 71·57 (68·74–74·03) 24·99 (24·73–25·23) 19·38 (17·77–20·82) 19·53 (19·32–19·74) 15·16 (13·88–16·31)
Austria 82·22 (82·15–82·30) 71·19 (67·98–74·02) 76·63 (76·55–76·71) 67·65 (65·05–69·96) 83·66 (83·52–83·79) 72·42 (69·15–75·31) 78·81 (78·66–78·95) 69·59 (66·86–71·97) 21·34 (21·25–21·43) 16·56 (15·16–17·79) 18·21 (18·13–18·29) 14·12 (12·93–15·18)
Belgium 81·97 (81·87–82·07) 70·88 (67·69–73·65) 76·18 (76·08–76·29) 67·18 (64·52–69·46) 83·19 (82·82–83·56) 71·96 (68·66–74·88) 77·83 (77·37–78·27) 68·62 (65·99–71·05) 21·22 (20·97–21·49) 16·29 (14·84–17·59) 17·62 (17·36–17·88) 13·47 (12·27–14·58)
Cyprus 82·15 (81·97–82·33) 71·02 (67·78–73·89) 75·90 (75·73–76·07) 67·09 (64·50–69·34) 85·05 (84·80–85·29) 73·41 (69·97–76·38) 78·69 (78·38–78·99) 69·38 (66·65–71·82) 22·49 (22·31–22·66) 17·33 (15·81–18·67) 17·95 (17·77–18·13) 13·78 (12·58–14·90)
Denmark 80·50 (80·39–80·62) 69·73 (66·63–72·49) 76·08 (75·98–76·19) 67·24 (64·67–69·51) 82·44 (82·15–82·72) 71·39 (68·26–74·21) 78·31 (78·03–78·60) 69·21 (66·59–71·56) 20·43 (20·24–20·62) 15·83 (14·49–17·01) 17·64 (17·47–17·80) 13·74 (12·63–14·71)
Finland 82·43 (82·30–82·55) 71·05 (67·72–74·00) 75·55 (75·41–75·68) 66·44 (63·69–68·82) 83·87 (83·60–84·15) 72·37 (68·92–75·31) 77·97 (77·62–78·32) 68·59 (65·86–70·98) 21·57 (21·39–21·76) 16·59 (15·12–17·84) 17·97 (17·79–18·16) 13·83 (12·60–14·90)
France 83·90 (83·87–83·94) 72·66 (69·29–75·57) 76·81 (76·78–76·84) 68·01 (65·38–70·31) 85·17 (85·01–85·33) 73·83 (70·44–76·73) 78·39 (78·17–78·60) 69·30 (66·55–71·64) 23·00 (22·89–23·11) 17·91 (16·38–19·21) 18·69 (18·58–18·80) 14·32 (12·99–15·43)
Germany 82·06 (82·03–82·10) 70·86 (67·65–73·74) 76·58 (76·54–76·61) 67·72 (65·12–70·01) 83·19 (83·07–83·30) 71·85 (68·59–74·75) 78·36 (78·23–78·49) 69·31 (66·67–71·65) 20·95 (20·88–21·03) 16·23 (14·87–17·40) 17·80 (17·73–17·87) 13·88 (12·74–14·88)
Greece 82·34 (82·25–82·43) 71·62 (68·49–74·37) 76·82 (76·73–76·92) 68·22 (65·71–70·46) 83·49 (83·25–83·74) 72·64 (69·46–75·42) 78·42 (78·10–78·72) 69·60 (67·00–71·88) 20·96 (20·78–21·14) 16·38 (15·01–17·54) 18·30 (18·12–18·47) 14·30 (13·13–15·34)
Iceland 83·64 (83·28–84·06) 72·37 (69·13–75·24) 79·65 (79·44–79·92) 70·50 (67·82–72·89) 85·82 (85·38–86·30) 74·35 (70·99–77·33) 80·93 (80·60–81·25) 71·60 (68·91–73·99) 23·00 (22·63–23·43) 17·83 (16·29–19·21) 19·25 (19·07–19·43) 14·93 (13·69–16·05)
Ireland 81·77 (81·49–82·11) 70·80 (67·53–73·65) 77·65 (77·39–77·86) 68·43 (65·76–70·81) 84·31 (83·60–85·02) 72·94 (69·60–76·00) 79·18 (78·94–79·51) 69·74 (66·95–72·16) 21·98 (21·36–22·66) 17·09 (15·66–18·46) 18·30 (18·08–18·61) 14·14 (12·92–15·20)
Israel 81·73 (81·57–81·87) 70·97 (67·90–73·67) 77·63 (77·46–77·77) 68·60 (65·94–70·92) 83·82 (83·55–84·07) 72·69 (69·47–75·47) 80·18 (79·92–80·47) 70·72 (67·94–73·16) 21·29 (21·09–21·47) 16·44 (15·05–17·64) 19·10 (18·93–19·28) 14·72 (13·43–15·83)
Italy 83·73 (83·69–83·77) 72·34 (69·02–75·27) 78·29 (78·26–78·33) 69·36 (66·72–71·67) 84·57 (84·44–84·71) 73·10 (69·76–76·01) 79·64 (79·48–79·78) 70·58 (67·86–72·95) 21·90 (21·80–21·99) 16·87 (15·44–18·12) 18·37 (18·27–18·45) 14·27 (13·05–15·31)
Luxembourg 82·51 (82·32–82·73) 70·98 (67·62–73·95) 77·24 (77·03–77·44) 67·78 (64·99–70·19) 84·29 (84·01–84·62) 72·47 (69·05–75·42) 79·86 (79·60–80·12) 70·09 (67·20–72·60) 21·79 (21·59–22·05) 16·67 (15·16–17·96) 18·69 (18·54–18·83) 14·31 (13·05–15·45)
Malta 82·73 (82·33–83·10) 71·52 (68·23–74·41) 78·32 (77·92–78·69) 69·06 (66·33–71·43) 84·48 (84·15–84·84) 72·97 (69·61–75·95) 79·65 (79·26–80·06) 70·17 (67·29–72·59) 22·05 (21·80–22·33) 17·03 (15·60–18·34) 18·67 (18·43–18·92) 14·48 (13·25–15·55)
Netherlands 81·63 (81·53–81·73) 70·43 (67·22–73·29) 77·33 (77·24–77·42) 68·31 (65·65–70·67) 83·40 (83·08–83·72) 71·93 (68·64–74·87) 79·17 (78·86–79·52) 69·89 (67·22–72·30) 21·22 (21·02–21·47) 16·28 (14·85–17·52) 17·78 (17·59–18·00) 13·75 (12·58–14·80)
Norway 82·42 (82·27–82·58) 70·96 (67·71–73·85) 77·81 (77·66–77·95) 68·50 (65·80–70·87) 84·08 (83·81–84·34) 72·56 (69·27–75·55) 79·94 (79·68–80·21) 70·40 (67·62–72·90) 21·54 (21·35–21·73) 16·65 (15·28–17·91) 18·57 (18·41–18·74) 14·36 (13·14–15·48)
Portugal 81·74 (81·66–81·83) 70·60 (67·34–73·41) 75·06 (74·96–75·14) 66·36 (63·75–68·59) 83·86 (83·69–84·02) 72·40 (69·05–75·36) 77·65 (77·47–77·83) 68·61 (65·93–70·95) 21·38 (21·26–21·49) 16·48 (15·07–17·73) 17·71 (17·62–17·81) 13·72 (12·59–14·76)
Spain 83·63 (83·59–83·67) 72·81 (69·58–75·61) 76·91 (76·87–76·95) 68·29 (65·70–70·55) 85·27 (85·17–85·38) 74·27 (70·99–77·13) 79·84 (79·72–79·96) 70·91 (68·26–73·23) 22·50 (22·42–22·58) 17·58 (16·12–18·83) 18·86 (18·79–18·92) 14·72 (13·49–15·77)
Sweden 82·61 (82·50–82·73) 71·97 (68·89–74·70) 78·42 (78·30–78·54) 69·24 (66·58–71·58) 83·98 (83·74–84·25) 73·04 (69·93–75·82) 80·25 (80·01–80·48) 70·70 (67·98–73·16) 21·39 (21·22–21·59) 16·59 (15·24–17·78) 18·72 (18·57–18·86) 14·36 (13·13–15·47)
Switzerland 83·72 (83·59–83·85) 72·15 (68·81–75·09) 78·67 (78·54–78·80) 69·23 (66·47–71·66) 85·18 (84·89–85·50) 73·55 (70·15–76·54) 80·65 (80·33–81·01) 71·16 (68·40–73·63) 22·52 (22·31–22·74) 17·40 (15·85–18·73) 19·25 (19·06–19·47) 14·99 (13·77–16·09)
UK 81·14 (81·11–81·18) 70·63 (67·46–73·34) 76·73 (76·70–76·77) 67·86 (65·24–70·12) 82·81 (82·71–82·93) 72·09 (68·88–74·81) 79·03 (78·94–79·13) 69·86 (67·26–72·19) 20·85 (20·77–20·95) 16·41 (15·13–17·54) 18·35 (18·28–18·41) 14·38 (13·28–15·39)
England 81·38 (81·34–81·41) 70·91 (67·74–73·60) 77·05 (77·02–77·09) 68·20 (65·59–70·47) 83·05 (82·94–83·16) 72·37 (69·18–75·11) 79·34 (79·24–79·44) 70·19 (67·61–72·53) 21·01 (20·92–21·10) 16·57 (15·29–17·71) 18·51 (18·44–18·58) 14·54 (13·43–15·54)
Northern Ireland 80·78 (80·57–80·97) 70·40 (67·34–73·09) 75·84 (75·64–76·04) 67·11 (64·54–69·40) 82·30 (81·91–82·68) 71·74 (68·69–74·38) 77·94 (77·50–78·37) 68·98 (66·37–71·31) 20·55 (20·27–20·82) 16·17 (14·89–17·30) 17·67 (17·45–17·89) 13·82 (12·71–14·82)
Scotland 79·48 (79·35–79·61) 68·60 (65·44–71·42) 74·35 (74·23–74·47) 65·43 (62·83–67·70) 81·22 (80·86–81·62) 70·03 (66·77–72·90) 77·15 (76·79–77·50) 67·83 (65·20–70·28) 19·81 (19·57–20·06) 15·35 (14·05–16·49) 17·46 (17·28–17·65) 13·54 (12·45–14·58)
Wales 80·66 (80·53–80·79) 69·95 (66·78–72·73) 76·19 (76·06–76·31) 66·91 (64·19–69·30) 82·16 (81·86–82·46) 71·20 (67·94–74·08) 77·98 (77·69–78·28) 68·39 (65·59–70·88) 20·38 (20·18–20·58) 15·88 (14·57–17·06) 17·63 (17·47–17·79) 13·62 (12·50–14·65)
Southern Latin America 79·29 (79·23–79·34) 69·60 (66·74–72·09) 72·64 (72·58–72·69) 64·83 (62·54–66·87) 80·41 (80·19–80·63) 70·54 (67·61–73·11) 73·98 (73·74–74·23) 66·02 (63·62–68·10) 19·81 (19·67–19·94) 15·78 (14·59–16·82) 15·83 (15·71–15·95) 12·47 (11·47–13·33)
Argentina 78·69 (78·61–78·76) 69·07 (66·24–71·55) 71·78 (71·71–71·85) 64·04 (61·79–66·07) 79·76 (79·51–80·01) 70·00 (67·06–72·53) 73·05 (72·77–73·31) 65·20 (62·88–67·28) 19·55 (19·40–19·69) 15·58 (14·41–16·62) 15·37 (15·23–15·50) 12·10 (11·12–12·94)
Chile 80·97 (80·87–81·08) 71·07 (68·14–73·59) 75·36 (75·26–75·47) 67·21 (64·82–69·31) 82·04 (81·53–82·54) 71·91 (69·01–74·53) 76·56 (75·93–77·19) 68·28 (65·76–70·51) 20·50 (20·15–20·84) 16·30 (15·06–17·39) 17·22 (16·88–17·57) 13·59 (12·47–14·60)
Uruguay 79·15 (78·98–79·31) 69·51 (66·62–71·93) 71·80 (71·65–71·96) 64·33 (62·09–66·28) 80·51 (80·15–80·90) 70·65 (67·77–73·25) 72·93 (72·50–73·37) 65·30 (62·97–67·25) 19·85 (19·65–20·05) 15·80 (14·63–16·86) 15·05 (14·85–15·24) 11·86 (10·90–12·68)
Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia 73·64 (73·53–73·75) 64·25 (61·48–66·73) 62·93 (62·80–63·06) 55·92 (53·84–57·72) 77·31 (77·09–77·50) 67·31 (64·36–69·91) 67·95 (67·71–68·21) 60·13 (57·76–62·14) 17·86 (17·77–17·94) 13·74 (12·56–14·77) 13·97 (13·90–14·04) 10·57 (9·60–11·43)
Eastern Europe 72·72 (72·63–72·80) 63·16 (60·37–65·68) 59·78 (59·65–59·91) 53·18 (51·24–54·89) 76·70 (76·44–76·94) 66·44 (63·45–69·08) 65·73 (65·39–66·05) 58·15 (55·84–60·13) 17·40 (17·27–17·52) 13·30 (12·12–14·33) 13·10 (12·98–13·22) 9·84 (8·90–10·68)
Belarus 74·89 (74·62–75·15) 65·58 (62·91–68·05) 62·76 (62·41–63·09) 55·92 (53·92–57·70) 77·07 (76·58–77·58) 67·38 (64·53–69·96) 65·02 (64·33–65·74) 57·85 (55·63–59·94) 17·05 (16·77–17·32) 13·19 (12·06–14·23) 11·75 (11·47–12·04) 8·86 (8·00–9·68)
Estonia 77·67 (77·51–77·84) 67·79 (64·90–70·36) 67·12 (66·93–67·29) 59·50 (57·27–61·47) 81·43 (80·99–81·88) 71·08 (68·17–73·78) 73·44 (73·07–73·83) 64·89 (62·39–67·14) 19·70 (19·35–20·07) 15·32 (14·07–16·50) 15·61 (15·39–15·85) 11·87 (10·77–12·85)
Latvia 76·63 (76·48–76·78) 66·98 (64·16–69·53) 65·47 (65·32–65·62) 58·12 (55·95–60·04) 79·73 (79·34–80·06) 69·63 (66·64–72·23) 70·59 (70·17–70·99) 62·48 (60·12–64·65) 19·01 (18·79–19·20) 14·70 (13·42–15·80) 14·55 (14·37–14·72) 10·99 (9·97–11·90)
Lithuania 77·71 (77·60–77·82) 67·74 (64·85–70·37) 65·71 (65·60–65·82) 58·22 (55·95–60·15) 80·39 (80·16–80·61) 70·02 (67·03–72·76) 69·72 (69·47–70·02) 61·55 (59·11–63·70) 19·63 (19·49–19·76) 15·11 (13·80–16·26) 14·75 (14·64–14·87) 10·97 (9·87–11·94)
Moldova 73·43 (73·13–73·69) 64·40 (61·73–66·76) 65·55 (65·21–65·82) 58·37 (56·23–60·27) 77·70 (77·29–78·06) 67·96 (65·13–70·54) 69·93 (69·47–70·35) 62·06 (59·81–64·18) 17·39 (17·21–17·58) 13·53 (12·39–14·53) 14·04 (13·91–14·18) 10·71 (9·76–11·57)
Russia 72·21 (72·11–72·30) 62·43 (59·56–64·98) 58·71 (58·54–58·87) 52·21 (50·31–53·88) 76·57 (76·22–76·90) 66·02 (62·89–68·71) 65·30 (64·85–65·77) 57·71 (55·43–59·76) 17·48 (17·29–17·64) 13·26 (12·03–14·31) 13·12 (12·95–13·30) 9·83 (8·86–10·68)
Ukraine 73·16 (72·91–73·37) 64·21 (61·62–66·53) 61·36 (61·08–61·60) 54·64 (52·67–56·37) 76·45 (75·94–76·93) 66·93 (64·21–69·44) 66·26 (65·56–66·93) 58·71 (56·38–60·69) 16·95 (16·73–17·18) 13·15 (12·05–14·14) 12·97 (12·77–13·18) 9·82 (8·90–10·63)
Central Europe 77·90 (77·86–77·94) 68·36 (65·55–70·83) 70·48 (70·44–70·52) 62·43 (60·05–64·51) 80·45 (80·31–80·58) 70·52 (67·59–73·06) 73·43 (73·25–73·59) 64·92 (62·42–67·13) 19·05 (18·98–19·11) 14·80 (13·54–15·90) 15·33 (15·26–15·39) 11·65 (10·59–12·59)
Albania 79·08 (78·63–79·52) 69·12 (66·18–71·74) 73·49 (72·96–74·00) 64·65 (62·01–66·95) 81·32 (80·71–81·95) 71·17 (68·10–73·74) 74·98 (74·10–75·87) 66·20 (63·43–68·64) 20·06 (19·65–20·47) 15·65 (14·28–16·89) 16·09 (15·36–16·99) 12·34 (11·10–13·63)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 79·89 (79·75–80·05) 69·96 (67·03–72·56) 74·05 (73·91–74·23) 65·08 (62·52–67·36) 81·82 (81·45–82·21) 71·51 (68·53–74·24) 76·00 (75·72–76·30) 66·69 (64·02–69·04) 20·09 (19·81–20·38) 15·56 (14·25–16·76) 16·64 (16·51–16·81) 12·59 (11·45–13·61)
Bulgaria 76·22 (76·11–76·34) 67·07 (64·38–69·46) 69·07 (68·95–69·17) 61·35 (59·08–63·34) 78·36 (77·90–78·80) 68·88 (66·09–71·34) 71·37 (70·84–71·87) 63·34 (60·91–65·43) 17·54 (17·26–17·79) 13·67 (12·53–14·68) 14·14 (13·91–14·37) 10·78 (9·80–11·69)
Croatia 79·21 (79·07–79·35) 69·34 (66·46–71·92) 72·01 (71·89–72·12) 63·67 (61·24–65·84) 80·92 (80·61–81·26) 70·74 (67·69–73·39) 74·65 (74·31–75·00) 65·87 (63·30–68·12) 18·92 (18·71–19·15) 14·64 (13·35–15·72) 15·39 (15·20–15·58) 11·70 (10·64–12·64)
Czech Republic 79·37 (79·28–79·47) 69·51 (66·58–72·10) 72·98 (72·90–73·06) 64·55 (62·06–66·73) 81·65 (81·47–81·83) 71·41 (68·37–74·06) 75·92 (75·73–76·11) 66·94 (64·35–69·27) 19·46 (19·33–19·59) 15·05 (13·78–16·19) 16·06 (15·96–16·17) 12·13 (11·00–13·14)
Hungary 77·25 (77·14–77·34) 67·48 (64·65–70·00) 68·82 (68·73–68·91) 61·06 (58·81–63·06) 79·95 (79·55–80·34) 69·76 (66·77–72·32) 73·22 (72·78–73·68) 64·71 (62·24–66·94) 19·00 (18·75–19·23) 14·59 (13·27–15·70) 15·41 (15·20–15·63) 11·65 (10·56–12·61)
Macedonia 76·41 (76·25–76·57) 67·48 (64·89–69·82) 71·36 (71·20–71·51) 63·45 (61·07–65·54) 79·14 (78·63–79·65) 69·66 (66·84–72·23) 73·92 (73·30–74·51) 65·54 (63·08–67·75) 17·94 (17·65–18·28) 13·95 (12·78–15·05) 15·06 (14·67–15·47) 11·50 (10·47–12·50)
Montenegro 77·96 (77·70–78·22) 68·56 (65·82–71·10) 71·99 (71·77–72·22) 63·70 (61·25–65·88) 80·18 (79·69–80·68) 70·44 (67·53–73·02) 74·21 (73·61–74·86) 65·59 (63·03–67·89) 18·94 (18·63–19·25) 14·76 (13·53–15·90) 15·64 (15·26–16·09) 11·95 (10·83–12·96)
Poland 79·36 (79·31–79·41) 69·57 (66·70–72·07) 70·78 (70·73–70·83) 62·67 (60·24–64·74) 81·61 (81·39–81·81) 71·53 (68·56–74·11) 73·45 (73·23–73·69) 64·96 (62·44–67·15) 19·98 (19·86–20·10) 15·51 (14·22–16·67) 15·56 (15·46–15·66) 11·82 (10·74–12·79)
Romania 76·08 (76·00–76·17) 66·92 (64·24–69·30) 68·82 (68·75–68·90) 61·04 (58·74–63·06) 78·99 (78·59–79·36) 69·44 (66·68–71·90) 71·52 (71·03–72·00) 63·40 (60·98–65·54) 18·15 (17·92–18·37) 14·25 (13·12–15·26) 14·55 (14·34–14·77) 11·14 (10·15–12·04)
Serbia 75·94 (75·71–76·15) 66·88 (64·26–69·26) 70·58 (70·36–70·80) 62·59 (60·22–64·67) 78·87 (78·69–79·05) 69·23 (66·44–71·75) 73·48 (73·20–73·71) 64·90 (62·35–67·11) 17·88 (17·77–17·99) 13·85 (12·68–14·89) 15·18 (15·02–15·31) 11·52 (10·46–12·47)
Slovakia 78·18 (78·06–78·30) 68·72 (65·92–71·18) 70·28 (70·16–70·39) 62·14 (59·72–64·26) 80·92 (80·69–81·14) 70·92 (68·01–73·52) 73·98 (73·74–74·21) 65·21 (62·65–67·47) 19·18 (19·03–19·33) 14·90 (13·67–16·05) 15·38 (15·26–15·49) 11·60 (10·53–12·55)
Slovenia 81·07 (80·92–81·20) 70·80 (67·77–73·46) 73·89 (73·76–74·01) 65·25 (62·75–67·47) 83·84 (83·62–84·05) 73·21 (70·12–75·94) 77·94 (77·71–78·18) 68·66 (65·91–71·09) 21·31 (21·16–21·47) 16·54 (15·13–17·77) 17·55 (17·42–17·68) 13·39 (12·17–14·47)
Central Asia 71·47 (71·12–71·80) 62·79 (60·19–65·08) 63·62 (63·27–63·98) 56·73 (54·69–58·52) 75·30 (74·77–75·76) 65·96 (63·27–68·44) 67·41 (66·85–67·91) 59·93 (57·71–61·94) 16·95 (16·75–17·17) 13·14 (12·03–14·15) 13·48 (13·32–13·66) 10·35 (9·44–11·16)
Armenia 75·32 (74·82–75·77) 65·81 (63·07–68·24) 68·18 (67·64–68·75) 60·65 (58·47–62·68) 78·37 (77·89–78·95) 68·40 (65·51–70·99) 70·75 (70·05–71·47) 62·84 (60·47–65·01) 18·06 (17·85–18·44) 13·83 (12·63–14·95) 14·37 (14·13–14·66) 10·99 (9·99–11·87)
Azerbaijan 71·39 (70·61–72·13) 62·63 (59·91–65·16) 65·10 (64·27–65·92) 58·10 (55·95–60·12) 76·32 (75·59–77·07) 66·67 (63·73–69·41) 69·57 (68·51–70·58) 61·78 (59·33–63·98) 17·57 (17·25–17·90) 13·56 (12·32–14·64) 14·46 (13·77–14·96) 11·12 (10·05–12·10)
Georgia 76·02 (75·39–76·63) 67·04 (64·39–69·40) 67·40 (66·60–68·21) 60·26 (58·09–62·26) 78·04 (77·27–78·74) 68·48 (65·63–71·10) 67·86 (66·87–69·05) 60·52 (58·23–62·66) 18·13 (17·73–18·55) 14·12 (12·89–15·23) 13·23 (12·89–13·73) 10·15 (9·21–11·06)
Kazakhstan 71·06 (70·70–71·40) 62·23 (59·70–64·57) 59·79 (59·41–60·14) 53·24 (51·28–54·98) 75·03 (74·05–75·95) 65·52 (62·54–68·31) 65·29 (64·11–66·49) 57·91 (55·58–60·11) 16·49 (16·00–16·99) 12·70 (11·53–13·82) 12·66 (12·21–13·13) 9·60 (8·68–10·47)
Kyrgyzstan 70·68 (70·16–71·20) 62·06 (59·52–64·39) 62·56 (61·96–63·23) 55·92 (53·99–57·76) 74·10 (73·44–74·71) 64·92 (62·25–67·31) 65·60 (64·83–66·41) 58·62 (56·46–60·57) 16·13 (15·81–16·47) 12·55 (11·47–13·49) 12·64 (12·31–12·98) 9·79 (8·91–10·58)
Mongolia 67·72 (67·00–68·42) 60·10 (57·87–62·07) 59·95 (59·16–60·71) 53·54 (51·58–55·43) 71·87 (71·03–72·67) 63·55 (61·09–65·93) 62·78 (61·90–63·63) 55·92 (53·79–57·96) 15·12 (14·80–15·43) 11·73 (10·76–12·66) 11·78 (11·55–12·05) 8·94 (8·13–9·73)
Tajikistan 70·16 (69·42–70·88) 61·79 (59·20–64·06) 65·92 (65·24–66·65) 58·68 (56·48–60·63) 74·80 (73·94–75·53) 65·67 (63·00–68·18) 70·12 (69·20–70·96) 62·17 (59·71–64·38) 16·91 (16·48–17·22) 13·20 (12·13–14·21) 15·04 (14·71–15·31) 11·61 (10·61–12·52)
Turkmenistan 69·51 (68·21–70·74) 61·31 (58·75–63·67) 62·12 (60·77–63·27) 55·49 (53·35–57·52) 73·69 (72·71–74·46) 64·83 (62·09–67·28) 66·33 (65·35–67·15) 59·11 (56·86–61·15) 16·78 (16·53–17·01) 13·09 (11·99–14·06) 13·57 (13·32–13·79) 10·47 (9·58–11·31)
Uzbekistan 71·50 (70·65–72·29) 62·93 (60·29–65·29) 65·48 (64·61–66·40) 58·39 (56·15–60·45) 75·20 (74·34–76·03) 66·03 (63·32–68·49) 68·37 (67·51–69·27) 60·85 (58·49–63·00) 16·77 (16·40–17·33) 13·10 (11·98–14·12) 13·69 (13·42–14·00) 10·59 (9·67–11·42)
Latin America and Caribbean 76·49 (76·28–76·69) 66·42 (63·49–69·02) 70·45 (70·24–70·68) 62·25 (59·82–64·38) 78·25 (77·87–78·62) 67·88 (64·80–70·50) 72·20 (71·73–72·62) 63·76 (61·28–65·91) 18·85 (18·69–19·02) 14·38 (13·08–15·51) 16·25 (16·11–16·40) 12·45 (11·37–13·42)
Central Latin America 77·58 (77·40–77·75) 67·68 (64·81–70·20) 71·92 (71·72–72·11) 63·73 (61·30–65·83) 78·81 (78·44–79·15) 68·69 (65·67–71·26) 73·28 (72·84–73·72) 64·88 (62·36–67·07) 19·06 (18·95–19·19) 14·51 (13·21–15·68) 16·97 (16·86–17·09) 13·05 (11·91–14·05)
Colombia 78·26 (78·06–78·46) 68·20 (65·23–70·78) 72·02 (71·80–72·23) 64·05 (61·65–66·08) 80·80 (80·35–81·25) 70·21 (67·06–72·90) 75·15 (74·58–75·65) 66·65 (64·15–68·88) 20·06 (19·85–20·28) 15·33 (13·95–16·52) 17·46 (17·28–17·64) 13·55 (12·44–14·57)
Costa Rica 81·47 (81·22–81·69) 70·96 (67·85–73·65) 76·56 (76·27–76·80) 67·84 (65·19–70·12) 82·60 (82·12–83·05) 71·84 (68·61–74·60) 78·08 (77·50–78·58) 69·11 (66·46–71·44) 21·24 (20·99–21·51) 16·24 (14·85–17·48) 18·90 (18·66–19·12) 14·67 (13·44–15·77)
El Salvador 77·02 (76·56–77·45) 66·63 (63·59–69·35) 68·79 (68·07–69·49) 60·84 (58·45–62·88) 78·94 (78·06–79·85) 68·24 (64·99–71·16) 70·57 (69·32–71·94) 62·56 (60·03–64·95) 19·55 (19·10–20·06) 14·80 (13·36–16·08) 17·79 (17·33–18·24) 13·74 (12·56–14·87)
Guatemala 73·16 (72·79–73·54) 63·27 (60·37–65·90) 66·41 (66·08–66·75) 58·31 (55·91–60·44) 75·20 (73·54–77·05) 65·09 (61·95–68·07) 69·81 (67·75–71·79) 61·33 (58·45–64·12) 17·38 (16·41–18·60) 13·02 (11·59–14·44) 17·18 (16·45–17·95) 13·09 (11·85–14·29)
Honduras 72·00 (69·46–74·83) 63·00 (59·75–66·13) 70·45 (67·22–72·91) 62·58 (59·11–65·60) 73·95 (71·41–76·68) 64·71 (61·55–68·01) 72·09 (68·69–74·71) 64·07 (60·73–67·10) 16·30 (15·18–17·86) 12·48 (11·19–13·99) 16·08 (14·54–17·25) 12·49 (11·04–13·84)
Mexico 77·72 (77·45–77·95) 68·16 (65·42–70·62) 72·54 (72·25–72·81) 64·56 (62·22–66·64) 78·32 (77·98–78·60) 68·64 (65·82–71·11) 73·43 (73·04–73·75) 65·26 (62·82–67·38) 18·65 (18·59–18·70) 14·24 (12·98–15·37) 16·78 (16·74–16·83) 12·91 (11·78–13·91)
Nicaragua 79·26 (78·69–79·76) 69·03 (65·97–71·74) 73·74 (73·07–74·37) 65·25 (62·65–67·57) 80·76 (79·93–81·68) 70·31 (67·22–73·07) 75·01 (73·80–76·26) 66·47 (63·72–69·01) 20·76 (20·25–21·30) 15·88 (14·42–17·17) 18·30 (17·75–18·85) 14·19 (12·90–15·41)
Panama 79·72 (79·09–80·35) 69·27 (66·25–72·03) 74·77 (73·98–75·48) 66·08 (63·42–68·38) 81·01 (79·82–82·22) 70·21 (66·90–73·23) 75·48 (73·89–76·95) 66·63 (63·75–69·40) 20·93 (20·19–21·70) 15·90 (14·35–17·37) 18·34 (17·55–19·16) 14·11 (12·76–15·39)
Venezuela 78·22 (78·11–78·32) 67·39 (64·28–70·19) 71·17 (71·06–71·27) 61·93 (59·15–64·31) 79·16 (78·00–80·36) 68·14 (64·68–71·24) 70·69 (69·02–72·41) 61·62 (58·62–64·44) 19·37 (18·64–20·13) 14·58 (13·09–15·96) 16·05 (15·37–16·77) 12·05 (10·85–13·25)
Andean Latin America 76·76 (76·30–77·23) 66·92 (64·06–69·48) 73·09 (72·59–73·57) 64·22 (61·57–66·57) 79·01 (78·22–79·82) 68·86 (65·87–71·66) 75·40 (74·51–76·28) 66·26 (63·43–68·85) 19·24 (18·74–19·76) 14·90 (13·63–16·14) 17·61 (17·15–18·06) 13·44 (12·14–14·60)
Bolivia 71·40 (69·86–72·67) 62·29 (59·64–64·88) 69·02 (67·91–70·15) 60·74 (58·14–63·17) 74·22 (72·07–76·43) 64·65 (61·20–67·81) 72·11 (69·61–74·23) 63·35 (60·22–66·40) 16·64 (15·46–18·07) 12·80 (11·36–14·26) 16·33 (15·07–17·17) 12·41 (11·10–13·67)
Ecuador 76·85 (76·33–77·36) 66·94 (63·96–69·56) 71·53 (70·79–72·19) 62·95 (60·31–65·29) 78·56 (77·59–79·50) 68·39 (65·41–71·20) 73·35 (72·06–74·39) 64·57 (61·56–67·16) 18·94 (18·40–19·46) 14·57 (13·33–15·81) 16·49 (15·80–17·02) 12·48 (11·14–13·66)
Peru 78·80 (78·19–79·39) 68·71 (65·77–71·33) 75·55 (74·73–76·36) 66·30 (63·53–68·76) 81·10 (80·01–82·23) 70·74 (67·67–73·66) 77·85 (76·38–79·13) 68·37 (65·44–71·13) 20·44 (19·71–21·22) 15·93 (14·52–17·30) 18·78 (18·02–19·53) 14·42 (13·06–15·70)
Caribbean 72·72 (71·92–73·44) 63·17 (60·25–65·76) 69·08 (68·51–69·68) 60·88 (58·42–63·12) 75·21 (73·88–76·31) 65·16 (61·96–67·91) 70·92 (69·92–71·88) 62·43 (59·83–64·66) 18·22 (17·84–18·59) 14·04 (12·77–15·10) 16·18 (15·97–16·43) 12·47 (11·39–13·43)
Antigua and Barbuda 77·20 (76·51–78·00) 67·21 (64·20–69·87) 72·45 (71·58–73·41) 63·69 (61·07–66·03) 78·85 (78·10–79·78) 68·54 (65·44–71·37) 73·78 (72·68–75·33) 64·92 (62·16–67·47) 18·43 (18·03–19·10) 14·28 (13·02–15·46) 15·57 (14·73–16·84) 11·90 (10·54–13·37)
The Bahamas 74·43 (73·70–75·22) 64·60 (61·75–67·14) 68·91 (67·92–69·86) 60·65 (58·19–62·97) 76·41 (75·13–77·73) 66·24 (63·14–69·13) 70·87 (69·42–72·31) 62·47 (59·69–65·04) 17·58 (16·97–18·24) 13·49 (12·26–14·70) 15·42 (14·86–16·14) 11·79 (10·61–12·96)
Barbados 76·96 (76·19–77·73) 66·70 (63·63–69·54) 72·90 (72·17–73·53) 64·11 (61·48–66·54) 77·56 (76·24–78·67) 67·12 (63·92–69·93) 73·63 (72·28–74·85) 64·84 (62·02–67·46) 18·05 (17·34–18·64) 13·81 (12·54–15·06) 16·09 (15·12–16·78) 12·29 (10·96–13·53)
Belize 73·08 (72·37–73·77) 63·66 (60·85–66·10) 67·27 (66·44–68·11) 59·58 (57·17–61·66) 74·73 (73·67–75·77) 65·00 (62·11–67·76) 69·05 (67·70–70·29) 61·18 (58·61–63·64) 16·75 (16·23–17·30) 12·97 (11·80–14·04) 14·44 (13·90–15·11) 11·19 (10·17–12·20)
Bermuda 79·60 (79·07–80·17) 69·18 (66·21–72·01) 73·35 (72·73–74·01) 64·74 (62·22–67·06) 82·23 (81·24–83·29) 71·28 (68·14–74·12) 75·00 (73·93–75·97) 66·15 (63·61–68·57) 20·38 (19·75–21·11) 15·80 (14·45–17·03) 16·27 (15·84–16·62) 12·53 (11·43–13·52)
Cuba 79·14 (79·04–79·22) 68·94 (65·93–71·55) 75·19 (75·09–75·27) 66·68 (64·14–68·92) 80·60 (80·24–80·97) 70·06 (66·98–72·80) 75·87 (75·52–76·25) 67·22 (64·76–69·45) 19·56 (19·34–19·79) 15·16 (13·88–16·31) 16·68 (16·50–16·87) 13·01 (11·96–13·95)
Dominica 77·15 (76·26–77·93) 66·87 (63·91–69·60) 71·36 (70·25–72·27) 62·42 (59·76–64·84) 76·81 (75·46–78·06) 66·52 (63·28–69·40) 69·71 (67·83–71·50) 61·07 (58·09–63·74) 18·29 (17·55–18·86) 14·04 (12·66–15·26) 14·93 (14·01–15·94) 11·25 (9·97–12·50)
Dominican Republic 76·16 (75·51–76·65) 66·32 (63·46–68·91) 70·75 (70·04–71·40) 62·43 (59·94–64·68) 77·93 (77·41–78·30) 67·89 (64·83–70·38) 72·82 (71·86–73·45) 64·36 (61·78–66·67) 19·04 (18·91–19·11) 14·78 (13·55–15·85) 16·79 (16·51–16·90) 12·99 (11·86–13·96)
Grenada 73·36 (72·61–74·08) 63·76 (60·97–66·16) 67·21 (66·38–67·95) 59·21 (56·81–61·43) 74·28 (72·93–75·36) 64·40 (61·31–67·09) 68·78 (67·50–70·02) 60·56 (57·89–62·93) 16·30 (15·74–16·82) 12·50 (11·33–13·54) 13·99 (13·53–14·41) 10·61 (9·51–11·52)
Guyana 67·83 (66·96–68·68) 58·96 (56·30–61·42) 61·28 (60·22–62·33) 54·11 (51·88–56·20) 70·47 (68·95–71·86) 61·22 (58·26–64·03) 63·47 (61·70–65·26) 56·08 (53·43–58·62) 14·88 (14·21–15·47) 11·43 (10·35–12·47) 12·55 (12·03–13·14) 9·57 (8·67–10·50)
Haiti 59·86 (57·33–62·32) 51·93 (48·83–54·97) 60·30 (58·18–62·80) 52·84 (50·10–55·64) 64·74 (61·22–68·20) 55·81 (51·95–59·24) 63·91 (60·58–67·20) 55·75 (52·32–59·08) 13·37 (11·94–15·07) 10·09 (8·77–11·46) 14·01 (12·88–15·32) 10·54 (9·30–11·84)
Jamaica 76·72 (75·84–77·43) 66·45 (63·40–69·28) 73·96 (72·94–74·84) 64·93 (62·19–67·48) 76·97 (75·72–78·20) 66·55 (63·15–69·48) 73·03 (71·74–74·36) 64·18 (61·35–66·78) 18·00 (17·35–18·77) 13·85 (12·48–15·08) 16·43 (15·55–17·11) 12·65 (11·39–13·78)
Puerto Rico 80·24 (80·07–80·41) 69·47 (66·33–72·22) 72·85 (72·67–73·00) 63·94 (61·31–66·24) 81·77 (81·16–82·37) 70·70 (67·45–73·61) 75·03 (74·35–75·73) 65·70 (62·92–68·26) 20·43 (20·03–20·83) 15·71 (14·34–16·94) 17·42 (17·11–17·72) 13·17 (11·95–14·31)
Saint Lucia 76·14 (75·26–77·06) 66·13 (63·23–68·75) 70·19 (69·24–71·13) 61·74 (59·30–63·99) 77·09 (75·75–78·29) 66·91 (63·83–69·68) 72·52 (71·02–73·92) 63·78 (61·01–66·41) 17·82 (17·13–18·53) 13·74 (12·49–14·93) 16·08 (15·41–16·73) 12·35 (11·12–13·45)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 73·00 (72·20–73·75) 63·48 (60·67–65·95) 68·03 (67·29–68·71) 59·90 (57·52–62·10) 73·95 (72·82–75·00) 64·26 (61·26–66·93) 68·77 (67·61–69·89) 60·59 (58·00–62·87) 16·11 (15·64–16·62) 12·39 (11·28–13·41) 14·09 (13·51–14·61) 10·71 (9·59–11·71)
Suriname 72·74 (71·94–73·56) 63·29 (60·51–65·80) 67·08 (66·13–68·21) 59·30 (56·87–61·54) 75·34 (73·89–76·55) 65·50 (62·51–68·45) 68·82 (67·09–70·46) 60·87 (58·15–63·47) 17·81 (16·90–18·46) 13·79 (12·48–15·07) 14·97 (13·93–15·94) 11·60 (10·37–12·83)
Trinidad and Tobago 74·55 (74·07–74·94) 64·63 (61·71–67·22) 67·83 (67·34–68·24) 59·72 (57·26–61·89) 76·11 (74·90–77·24) 65·86 (62·82–68·63) 68·88 (67·40–70·26) 60·56 (57·82–63·02) 17·70 (17·11–18·26) 13·58 (12·32–14·73) 14·01 (13·42–14·55) 10·64 (9·59–11·68)
Virgin Islands 78·01 (77·51–78·52) 67·81 (64·87–70·40) 70·91 (70·26–71·53) 62·41 (59·95–64·67) 78·72 (77·88–79·47) 68·35 (65·40–71·18) 70·34 (68·90–71·64) 62·04 (59·52–64·54) 18·47 (18·11–18·79) 14·26 (13·03–15·36) 14·52 (13·95–15·13) 11·03 (10·04–12·07)
Tropical Latin America 76·21 (75·81–76·58) 65·73 (62·71–68·45) 68·77 (68·38–69·19) 60·66 (58·25–62·82) 78·18 (77·61–78·70) 67·36 (64·20–70·06) 70·75 (70·08–71·38) 62·38 (59·89–64·58) 18·72 (18·37–19·08) 14·21 (12·88–15·37) 15·33 (15·06–15·65) 11·70 (10·66–12·65)
Brazil 76·21 (75·81–76·59) 65·73 (62·70–68·46) 68·69 (68·28–69·12) 60·58 (58·18–62·74) 78·21 (77·63–78·74) 67·38 (64·24–70·09) 70·72 (70·02–71·35) 62·35 (59·87–64·54) 18·74 (18·38–19·11) 14·23 (12·89–15·40) 15·32 (15·05–15·65) 11·70 (10·65–12·65)
Paraguay 76·10 (75·16–77·01) 65·86 (62·81–68·66) 72·03 (71·11–72·86) 63·47 (60·86–65·87) 76·95 (75·54–78·38) 66·44 (63·14–69·64) 72·09 (70·20–73·79) 63·54 (60·38–66·19) 17·79 (17·02–18·72) 13·48 (12·10–14·92) 15·74 (14·84–16·55) 12·01 (10·72–13·22)
Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania 73·95 (73·58–74·33) 65·33 (62·87–67·58) 68·52 (68·12–68·95) 61·40 (59·27–63·32) 78·38 (77·84–78·93) 69·11 (66·39–71·55) 71·90 (71·26–72·50) 64·36 (62·09–66·41) 18·48 (18·12–18·87) 14·53 (13·45–15·60) 14·95 (14·63–15·29) 11·86 (10·97–12·70)
East Asia 74·94 (74·46–75·43) 66·54 (64·09–68·73) 69·38 (68·86–69·89) 62·44 (60·36–64·35) 79·83 (79·19–80·49) 70·71 (67·99–73·12) 73·17 (72·45–73·88) 65·74 (63·45–67·78) 18·99 (18·51–19·50) 15·07 (13·98–16·18) 15·13 (14·73–15·54) 12·09 (11·18–12·92)
China 74·90 (74·41–75·40) 66·53 (64·05–68·73) 69·33 (68·82–69·86) 62·40 (60·32–64·31) 79·89 (79·24–80·56) 70·78 (68·07–73·23) 73·19 (72·44–73·91) 65·75 (63·43–67·77) 19·01 (18·52–19·57) 15·11 (14·00–16·22) 15·10 (14·68–15·50) 12·07 (11·16–12·90)
North Korea 72·55 (69·82–75·12) 64·12 (60·50–67·12) 67·53 (64·35–71·01) 60·93 (57·56–64·20) 74·89 (72·19–77·52) 66·20 (62·62–69·50) 68·94 (65·72–71·93) 62·22 (58·78–65·27) 16·59 (15·35–17·90) 13·02 (11·60–14·42) 13·94 (12·91–15·25) 11·14 (10·00–12·41)
Taiwan (province of China) 80·69 (80·57–80·81) 70·76 (67·85–73·30) 74·48 (74·38–74·60) 66·78 (64·52–68·76) 82·50 (81·18–83·87) 72·18 (68·93–75·14) 76·64 (75·07–78·27) 68·54 (65·66–71·16) 20·75 (19·81–21·71) 16·11 (14·63–17·56) 17·83 (17·04–18·69) 14·14 (12·85–15·40)
Southeast Asia 72·16 (71·46–72·89) 62·99 (60·28–65·42) 67·08 (66·24–68·00) 59·39 (57·12–61·51) 75·32 (74·30–76·32) 65·77 (63·04–68·45) 69·18 (67·96–70·46) 61·37 (58·95–63·67) 17·10 (16·64–17·58) 13·05 (11·88–14·14) 14·32 (13·85–14·99) 11·02 (10·03–12·01)
Cambodia 66·24 (65·34–67·27) 57·67 (55·12–60·05) 61·53 (60·48–62·59) 54·41 (52·18–56·48) 72·44 (70·47–74·65) 63·20 (60·14–66·32) 66·21 (64·31–68·00) 58·76 (56·24–61·37) 15·49 (14·72–16·72) 11·80 (10·60–13·12) 13·09 (12·36–13·71) 10·05 (9·12–11·01)
Indonesia 70·11 (69·16–71·14) 61·40 (58·93–63·80) 67·35 (66·18–68·63) 59·63 (57·19–61·78) 73·29 (71·23–75·39) 64·06 (61·07–66·97) 69·01 (66·64–71·91) 61·21 (58·27–64·28) 15·80 (15·03–16·90) 11·97 (10·81–13·15) 14·17 (13·25–15·79) 10·88 (9·66–12·36)
Laos 62·05 (60·33–63·86) 54·26 (51·70–56·65) 58·08 (56·59–59·47) 51·31 (49·04–53·42) 69·48 (66·71–72·17) 60·75 (57·56–63·91) 64·73 (62·17–67·51) 57·20 (54·14–60·31) 15·26 (13·95–16·63) 11·60 (10·20–13·00) 13·78 (12·78–14·71) 10·49 (9·37–11·60)
Malaysia 76·30 (76·22–76·37) 66·76 (64·04–69·16) 72·35 (72·27–72·44) 64·08 (61·75–66·23) 78·62 (77·72–79·60) 68·60 (65·64–71·42) 72·39 (70·75–74·04) 64·21 (61·50–66·73) 17·89 (17·46–18·39) 13·71 (12·45–14·86) 15·16 (14·29–16·00) 11·79 (10·61–12·90)
Maldives 78·22 (77·80–78·65) 67·35 (64·31–70·02) 75·73 (75·17–76·25) 66·24 (63·45–68·64) 82·26 (81·00–83·52) 71·20 (68·08–74·17) 78·06 (76·40–79·63) 68·79 (65·73–71·60) 20·80 (19·93–21·72) 15·90 (14·43–17·29) 18·29 (17·22–19·27) 14·17 (12·75–15·45)
Mauritius 75·67 (75·40–75·92) 66·47 (63·85–68·76) 69·17 (68·91–69·42) 61·68 (59·50–63·58) 77·70 (77·09–78·26) 67·92 (65·14–70·41) 71·40 (70·82–72·07) 63·38 (60·98–65·51) 17·89 (17·56–18·24) 13·70 (12·52–14·77) 14·77 (14·50–15·10) 11·39 (10·39–12·27)
Myanmar 66·02 (61·76–70·84) 57·67 (53·57–61·94) 60·74 (56·24–65·94) 53·78 (49·53–58·22) 71·20 (66·85–75·28) 62·24 (58·07–66·28) 64·92 (60·29–69·96) 57·56 (53·22–61·91) 15·05 (13·25–17·14) 11·36 (9·68–13·07) 12·90 (11·42–15·11) 9·82 (8·39–11·59)
Philippines 73·03 (72·88–73·18) 63·05 (60·16–65·57) 65·43 (65·27–65·58) 57·69 (55·43–59·66) 74·41 (73·36–75·31) 64·43 (61·55–67·10) 67·71 (66·63–68·76) 59·82 (57·37–61·95) 16·55 (16·00–17·05) 12·50 (11·34–13·58) 13·19 (12·72–13·67) 10·03 (9·09–10·89)
Sri Lanka 77·97 (77·72–78·23) 68·07 (65·20–70·58) 70·10 (69·85–70·36) 62·08 (59·74–64·13) 81·19 (79·06–83·24) 70·84 (67·31–73·92) 74·05 (71·09–76·93) 65·47 (61·81–68·87) 19·88 (18·47–21·33) 15·31 (13·60–16·89) 16·64 (15·29–18·11) 12·85 (11·28–14·39)
Seychelles 75·88 (75·41–76·46) 66·68 (64·02–69·12) 68·23 (67·63–68·81) 60·74 (58·52–62·75) 77·93 (76·78–78·97) 68·29 (65·52–70·95) 70·55 (68·82–72·14) 62·77 (60·08–65·25) 17·98 (17·48–18·44) 13·81 (12·63–14·94) 14·50 (13·82–15·26) 11·13 (10·05–12·20)
Thailand 76·50 (75·95–77·06) 66·91 (64·21–69·39) 69·77 (68·82–70·76) 61·78 (59·27–64·01) 78·98 (77·47–80·46) 69·11 (66·04–72·23) 70·81 (68·74–73·24) 62·92 (60·29–65·67) 18·77 (18·08–19·63) 14·48 (13·16–15·80) 14·97 (14·25–16·20) 11·59 (10·51–12·79)
Timor-Leste 68·04 (66·22–69·89) 59·73 (57·05–62·44) 66·97 (65·35–68·64) 58·74 (55·92–61·30) 72·96 (70·01–75·75) 64·02 (60·49–67·35) 71·98 (68·85–75·12) 63·08 (59·32–66·79) 16·40 (14·96–17·76) 12·60 (11·07–14·05) 16·61 (15·28–18·13) 12·61 (11·10–14·17)
Vietnam 76·96 (74·35–79·23) 67·23 (63·76–70·40) 69·45 (66·39–72·95) 61·89 (58·50–65·51) 79·38 (77·02–82·25) 69·76 (66·41–73·20) 71·31 (67·83–74·84) 63·80 (60·25–67·14) 18·83 (17·64–20·57) 14·65 (13·11–16·41) 14·75 (13·69–16·34) 11·58 (10·33–13·06)
Oceania 60·94 (56·86–65·01) 52·15 (48·22–56·06) 59·03 (55·23–63·02) 52·11 (48·32–55·82) 63·72 (58·96–67·73) 54·48 (49·99–58·41) 61·42 (57·02–65·32) 54·24 (50·11–57·86) 11·91 (10·33–13·38) 8·73 (7·39–10·01) 11·74 (10·65–12·99) 8·86 (7·77–10·03)
American Samoa 74·63 (72·98–75·91) 64·66 (61·63–67·36) 69·55 (67·93–71·11) 61·14 (58·40–63·76) 74·85 (72·39–77·07) 64·86 (61·72–68·10) 70·87 (68·59–73·17) 62·33 (59·32–65·44) 16·17 (14·98–17·31) 12·17 (10·85–13·56) 14·46 (13·64–15·44) 10·94 (9·80–12·13)
Federated States of Micronesia 69·93 (64·32–74·51) 61·17 (55·63–65·47) 65·36 (60·00–70·18) 58·15 (52·88–62·29) 71·54 (65·30–75·82) 62·52 (56·78–66·79) 66·52 (60·42–70·80) 59·17 (53·52–63·30) 14·60 (11·87–16·79) 11·12 (8·75–13·02) 12·96 (10·83–14·41) 9·94 (8·07–11·30)
Fiji 67·13 (65·42–68·78) 58·07 (55·19–60·77) 62·69 (60·85–64·52) 55·18 (52·48–57·81) 68·13 (65·45–70·87) 58·97 (55·62–62·18) 63·69 (60·77–66·48) 56·19 (53·06–59·16) 13·44 (12·28–14·61) 10·05 (8·82–11·33) 11·87 (10·99–12·73) 8·97 (7·99–10·00)
Guam 76·52 (75·37–77·64) 65·90 (62·55–68·94) 70·07 (68·71–71·26) 62·30 (60·02–64·56) 75·31 (73·53–77·29) 64·87 (61·61–67·99) 68·49 (66·20–70·79) 60·87 (58·19–63·57) 16·69 (15·95–17·72) 12·55 (11·35–13·79) 13·65 (12·85–14·37) 10·52 (9·51–11·52)
Kiribati 64·94 (62·65–67·10) 56·02 (52·94–58·91) 56·94 (54·59–59·28) 50·14 (47·27–52·89) 67·44 (64·55–70·21) 58·34 (54·91–61·62) 58·85 (55·69–61·78) 52·04 (48·74–55·23) 13·39 (12·31–14·42) 10·04 (8·86–11·15) 10·74 (9·94–11·52) 8·13 (7·19–9·08)
Marshall Islands 66·83 (64·59–68·99) 57·26 (54·03–60·39) 62·73 (60·79–64·89) 54·83 (52·07–57·66) 69·50 (66·96–71·91) 59·42 (55·77–62·90) 64·57 (61·96–67·29) 56·37 (53·19–59·53) 13·79 (12·65–14·83) 10·12 (8·77–11·43) 12·42 (11·59–13·18) 9·23 (8·14–10·25)
Northern Mariana Islands 77·39 (76·65–78·14) 67·32 (64·34–69·95) 74·55 (73·60–75·36) 65·91 (63·22–68·16) 78·47 (77·15–79·64) 68·26 (65·13–71·21) 74·17 (72·71–75·49) 65·64 (62·87–68·11) 18·21 (17·55–18·80) 13·88 (12·59–15·11) 15·92 (15·26–16·49) 12·28 (11·15–13·36)
Papua New Guinea 58·54 (53·42–63·88) 49·82 (45·14–54·61) 57·25 (52·39–62·71) 50·55 (45·95–55·57) 61·85 (55·97–67·04) 52·62 (47·33–57·26) 60·13 (54·55–65·30) 53·11 (47·99–57·67) 11·07 (9·04–13·12) 8·02 (6·41–9·61) 11·34 (9·73–13·22) 8·52 (7·14–10·11)
Samoa 73·70 (71·66–75·83) 64·10 (60·84–67·21) 70·00 (67·91–71·97) 61·81 (58·87–64·79) 74·22 (71·79–76·62) 64·45 (60·99–67·91) 72·23 (69·74–74·55) 63·58 (60·54–66·60) 15·96 (14·76–17·15) 12·06 (10·65–13·56) 15·02 (14·00–16·06) 11·45 (10·19–12·72)
Solomon Islands 62·69 (57·49–68·21) 54·94 (50·49–59·82) 60·93 (56·04–65·96) 54·44 (50·20–58·93) 65·12 (59·19–70·81) 56·98 (51·74–61·79) 62·86 (56·96–68·13) 56·07 (51·03–60·69) 11·78 (9·54–14·16) 8·95 (7·07–10·81) 11·83 (9·87–13·36) 9·10 (7·53–10·52)
Tonga 72·70 (71·27–73·99) 62·79 (59·60–65·53) 67·29 (65·66–68·82) 59·53 (56·92–61·95) 74·68 (72·19–77·07) 64·43 (60·83–67·76) 68·40 (65·44–71·10) 60·50 (57·30–63·51) 16·40 (15·33–17·46) 12·25 (10·86–13·62) 13·64 (12·69–14·66) 10·39 (9·31–11·55)
Vanuatu 64·21 (59·00–69·19) 56·64 (51·85–61·42) 61·37 (56·42–66·39) 54·95 (50·36–59·62) 66·64 (61·23–70·86) 58·58 (53·61–62·91) 63·22 (58·12–67·35) 56·41 (51·72–60·55) 12·72 (10·52–14·57) 9·79 (7·92–11·44) 12·03 (10·43–13·29) 9·32 (7·90–10·69)
North Africa and Middle East 72·55 (71·85–73·21) 62·33 (59·42–65·02) 68·64 (67·98–69·34) 59·98 (57·44–62·33) 74·94 (74·12–75·69) 64·29 (61·31–67·14) 70·07 (69·16–70·94) 61·16 (58·55–63·62) 17·58 (17·28–17·87) 13·07 (11·80–14·25) 15·37 (15·08–15·65) 11·55 (10·45–12·57)
Afghanistan 51·40 (47·39–55·64) 44·45 (40·62–48·10) 52·67 (48·93–56·74) 45·55 (42·13–49·21) 54·46 (50·19–58·82) 47·11 (43·28–51·24) 53·34 (49·22–57·70) 46·27 (42·42–50·19) 9·41 (8·21–10·93) 6·91 (5·82–8·22) 10·57 (9·49–12·37) 7·68 (6·52–9·09)
Algeria 76·07 (74·93–77·12) 65·55 (62·46–68·52) 73·51 (72·29–74·79) 64·39 (61·45–67·02) 77·44 (76·01–78·52) 66·66 (63·44–69·65) 75·37 (74·13–76·79) 65·91 (63·15–68·58) 18·29 (17·47–18·76) 13·73 (12·34–15·01) 17·48 (16·90–18·23) 13·26 (11·99–14·47)
Bahrain 78·06 (77·24–78·93) 66·10 (62·55–69·30) 74·63 (73·80–75·59) 64·92 (62·04–67·48) 80·34 (78·92–81·83) 67·98 (64·36–71·35) 78·21 (76·45–79·99) 67·89 (64·67–71·12) 19·23 (18·60–20·06) 14·00 (12·51–15·46) 17·76 (16·79–18·90) 13·22 (11·71–14·75)
Egypt 72·64 (72·38–72·87) 62·41 (59·38–65·08) 67·69 (67·45–67·94) 59·42 (57·08–61·59) 74·45 (73·88–74·95) 63·84 (60·71–66·58) 68·71 (68·13–69·28) 60·23 (57·62–62·46) 16·42 (16·23–16·61) 12·16 (10·97–13·28) 13·50 (13·34–13·66) 10·12 (9·16–11·03)
Iran 74·58 (72·51–76·50) 64·28 (61·12–67·51) 69·64 (67·24–71·98) 60·98 (57·86–64·21) 77·98 (75·87–80·02) 67·13 (63·56–70·62) 71·85 (69·18–74·18) 62·99 (59·82–66·40) 17·85 (16·78–19·04) 13·34 (11·86–14·92) 15·06 (14·08–16·17) 11·40 (10·11–12·80)
Iraq 68·24 (65·65–70·65) 58·57 (55·18–61·60) 63·26 (59·95–66·53) 54·71 (51·15–58·09) 70·66 (67·52–73·64) 60·53 (56·47–63·92) 64·33 (60·79–68·46) 55·65 (51·90–59·50) 14·80 (13·47–16·11) 10·88 (9·40–12·25) 13·05 (11·96–15·04) 9·55 (8·38–10·94)
Jordan 74·44 (73·52–75·33) 63·69 (60·58–66·46) 74·66 (73·91–75·44) 65·14 (62·30–67·75) 80·69 (79·65–81·78) 68·76 (65·18–72·06) 76·46 (75·09–77·61) 66·68 (63·79–69·52) 19·84 (19·18–20·58) 14·67 (13·09–16·13) 17·46 (16·64–18·17) 13·12 (11·76–14·44)
Kuwait 80·19 (79·91–80·52) 68·91 (65·71–71·77) 76·27 (75·99–76·54) 66·90 (64·25–69·36) 81·55 (80·47–82·71) 70·19 (66·81–73·29) 79·43 (77·94–80·67) 69·56 (66·56–72·40) 19·18 (18·38–20·06) 14·41 (12·88–15·84) 18·94 (18·09–19·69) 14·40 (12·97–15·80)
Lebanon 77·64 (75·78–79·42) 65·80 (62·25–69·26) 77·03 (74·16–79·60) 65·45 (61·58–69·00) 79·87 (77·76–82·32) 68·01 (64·42–71·62) 77·90 (75·08–80·86) 66·81 (62·93–70·47) 19·01 (18·09–20·31) 14·11 (12·60–15·68) 17·80 (16·14–19·72) 13·07 (11·28–15·01)
Libya 76·92 (76·07–77·62) 66·28 (63·11–69·04) 73·91 (73·06–74·78) 64·74 (61·95–67·21) 76·86 (75·26–78·22) 66·09 (62·84–69·25) 71·41 (68·93–73·78) 62·45 (59·39–65·54) 17·84 (16·99–18·55) 13·34 (11·96–14·72) 15·90 (14·76–16·92) 11·99 (10·61–13·33)
Morocco 73·80 (70·89–76·16) 63·24 (59·71–66·72) 71·62 (68·72–74·08) 61·88 (58·64–65·13) 75·83 (72·69–79·05) 64·92 (61·12–68·62) 73·32 (69·45–76·58) 63·37 (59·35–66·89) 17·20 (15·61–19·00) 12·70 (11·04–14·44) 16·39 (14·35–18·01) 12·13 (10·31–13·70)
Palestine 77·34 (76·55–78·10) 66·84 (63·82–69·70) 72·06 (70·51–73·06) 62·49 (59·81–65·14) 77·90 (75·78–79·78) 67·44 (63·98–70·52) 71·60 (68·64–74·52) 62·50 (59·06–65·67) 18·17 (17·04–19·22) 13·84 (12·39–15·21) 15·01 (13·92–16·52) 11·35 (9·94–12·77)
Oman 78·38 (77·34–79·32) 66·81 (63·47–69·91) 74·07 (72·92–75·18) 64·15 (61·29–66·85) 79·64 (78·29–81·14) 67·75 (64·31–71·05) 75·71 (74·05–77·69) 65·38 (62·24–68·65) 18·79 (18·11–19·71) 13·71 (12·25–15·17) 16·32 (15·48–17·55) 12·03 (10·70–13·57)
Qatar 78·31 (77·49–79·11) 67·01 (63·71–70·07) 75·24 (73·63–76·87) 65·43 (62·30–68·46) 81·20 (79·43–82·88) 69·31 (65·82–72·71) 79·11 (76·93–81·25) 68·57 (64·92–71·83) 19·76 (18·65–20·98) 14·58 (12·92–16·27) 18·59 (17·07–19·91) 13·80 (12·07–15·51)
Saudi Arabia 80·00 (79·43–80·55) 68·99 (65·85–71·89) 75·95 (75·29–76·58) 66·78 (64·09–69·25) 82·21 (81·29–83·09) 70·87 (67·53–74·08) 77·45 (76·34–78·53) 68·15 (65·33–70·73) 20·68 (19·98–21·46) 15·72 (14·25–17·18) 17·77 (16·98–18·51) 13·67 (12·41–14·90)
Sudan 66·07 (62·29–70·01) 56·47 (52·50–60·70) 63·09 (59·34–67·21) 54·72 (50·75–58·67) 69·27 (65·38–73·59) 59·38 (55·50–63·72) 65·81 (61·55–69·91) 57·16 (53·08–61·35) 15·03 (13·32–17·27) 11·20 (9·59–13·17) 14·27 (12·39–15·93) 10·56 (8·92–12·10)
Syria 77·37 (76·74–77·97) 67·20 (64·25–69·78) 73·85 (73·09–74·68) 65·31 (62·81–67·63) 74·81 (72·12–77·75) 63·82 (59·86–67·73) 62·58 (56·48–70·19) 54·17 (48·63–61·05) 17·98 (17·37–18·82) 13·46 (12·11–14·74) 15·47 (14·56–16·66) 11·74 (10·46–12·98)
Tunisia 78·95 (77·45–80·46) 68·16 (64·92–71·20) 73·66 (71·83–75·41) 64·38 (61·36–67·24) 80·73 (78·82–82·71) 69·61 (66·03–72·89) 74·63 (72·03–77·02) 65·26 (61·88–68·39) 19·77 (18·50–21·22) 14·95 (13·25–16·56) 16·18 (14·85–17·69) 12·24 (10·67–13·82)
Turkey 79·52 (78·90–80·10) 68·04 (64·90–70·99) 72·91 (72·25–73·57) 64·01 (61·39–66·35) 82·37 (81·82–82·94) 70·49 (66·94–73·59) 75·90 (75·25–76·55) 66·61 (63·86–69·04) 21·21 (20·91–21·55) 15·75 (14·19–17·16) 17·35 (16·89–17·67) 13·17 (11·92–14·27)
United Arab Emirates 77·32 (76·47–78·00) 66·22 (63·07–69·16) 74·16 (73·26–74·93) 64·47 (61·53–67·14) 78·02 (75·54–79·89) 67·00 (63·40–70·34) 74·52 (71·82–77·08) 65·04 (61·38–68·31) 17·99 (16·84–18·95) 13·46 (11·93–14·80) 15·92 (14·70–17·04) 11·98 (10·50–13·33)
Yemen 64·72 (59·58–70·44) 56·24 (51·57–61·26) 64·41 (59·19–69·89) 56·78 (52·15–61·46) 66·57 (60·83–71·63) 57·71 (52·65–62·10) 65·39 (59·70–70·23) 57·40 (52·34–61·68) 13·55 (11·14–16·14) 10·28 (8·32–12·21) 14·03 (11·65–16·29) 10·71 (8·75–12·50)
South Asia 65·22 (64·66–65·79) 55·61 (52·88–58·11) 62·43 (61·92–62·97) 54·26 (51·89–56·37) 69·56 (68·83–70·27) 59·52 (56·53–62·18) 65·42 (64·74–66·10) 57·15 (54·76–59·35) 15·10 (14·74–15·47) 11·19 (10·11–12·26) 13·39 (13·11–13·69) 10·04 (9·15–10·90)
Bangladesh 68·70 (67·58–69·89) 58·62 (55·71–61·43) 65·67 (64·60–66·76) 57·34 (54·71–59·68) 72·52 (70·56–74·46) 62·18 (58·79–65·30) 68·52 (66·50–70·35) 60·06 (57·26–62·74) 16·16 (14·93–17·32) 12·13 (10·66–13·46) 14·58 (13·76–15·33) 11·12 (10·01–12·19)
Bhutan 70·15 (67·77–72·32) 59·82 (56·53–63·05) 68·68 (66·42–70·67) 59·58 (56·50–62·30) 74·26 (71·54–76·54) 63·08 (59·42–66·49) 71·50 (69·05–74·20) 61·95 (58·52–65·20) 17·80 (16·35–19·13) 13·11 (11·52–14·60) 16·35 (15·06–17·75) 12·22 (10·73–13·75)
India 65·03 (64·41–65·66) 55·38 (52·60–57·89) 62·22 (61·65–62·83) 54·01 (51·64–56·15) 69·53 (68·68–70·43) 59·44 (56·46–62·17) 65·24 (64·46–66·00) 56·97 (54·53–59·20) 15·06 (14·65–15·51) 11·14 (10·03–12·17) 13·21 (12·89–13·53) 9·89 (9·00–10·75)
Nepal 68·83 (66·99–70·57) 59·54 (56·41–62·32) 65·96 (64·42–67·66) 57·63 (54·90–60·03) 71·23 (68·75–73·92) 61·58 (58·13–64·95) 68·09 (65·20–70·91) 59·53 (56·39–62·74) 15·56 (14·22–17·16) 11·81 (10·30–13·35) 14·76 (13·48–16·01) 11·25 (9·97–12·59)
Pakistan 63·24 (61·42–65·05) 54·31 (51·48–57·18) 61·29 (59·54–63·19) 53·51 (50·86–55·94) 67·32 (65·22–69·82) 57·93 (54·76–61·01) 64·54 (62·22–66·49) 56·40 (53·59–59·28) 14·39 (13·34–15·78) 10·73 (9·41–12·06) 13·59 (12·72–14·32) 10·21 (9·14–11·34)
Sub-Saharan Africa 55·92 (55·05–56·74) 47·94 (45·32–50·16) 54·26 (53·46–55·10) 47·13 (44·90–49·12) 63·61 (61·83–65·17) 54·63 (51·52–57·44) 60·02 (58·35–61·58) 52·35 (49·72–54·90) 14·28 (13·44–15·06) 10·57 (9·31–11·69) 13·33 (12·62–13·99) 9·96 (8·86–10·99)
Southern sub-Saharan Africa 51·80 (50·49–53·23) 44·71 (42·42–46·86) 49·85 (48·74–51·12) 43·62 (41·66–45·44) 63·21 (61·67–64·69) 54·06 (51·28–56·71) 57·51 (56·00–58·95) 50·14 (47·75–52·40) 14·81 (14·01–15·56) 10·80 (9·59–11·98) 12·35 (11·68–13·03) 9·05 (8·05–9·98)
Botswana 50·78 (39·38–64·33) 44·97 (34·78–54·50) 47·92 (38·74–60·22) 42·81 (34·01–51·74) 62·01 (47·70–72·30) 53·95 (41·57–61·73) 55·78 (43·89–66·62) 49·39 (39·01–57·39) 13·82 (7·51–18·54) 10·57 (5·57–13·91) 12·01 (7·31–16·37) 9·10 (5·40–12·22)
Lesotho 44·77 (41·20–48·58) 38·92 (35·56–42·30) 41·21 (38·65–44·59) 36·45 (34·07–39·63) 50·41 (43·61–58·50) 43·83 (37·87–49·81) 44·11 (38·61–51·77) 39·13 (34·27–44·74) 11·49 (8·12–15·20) 8·57 (5·97–11·17) 9·26 (7·16–12·77) 6·87 (5·22–9·42)
Namibia 55·05 (51·33–59·06) 47·65 (43·90–51·40) 51·07 (48·07–54·29) 44·91 (41·85–48·01) 68·44 (61·62–73·04) 58·70 (52·80–63·47) 59·98 (53·61–66·28) 52·56 (46·87–58·13) 16·51 (12·83–18·64) 12·31 (9·39–14·52) 13·01 (10·40–15·97) 9·79 (7·69–12·19)
South Africa 53·62 (52·18–55·38) 46·19 (43·83–48·49) 51·67 (50·36–53·14) 45·17 (43·09–47·15) 63·99 (62·55–65·18) 54·63 (51·81–57·23) 58·64 (57·32–59·91) 51·07 (48·74–53·20) 14·97 (14·18–15·69) 10·88 (9·65–12·06) 12·56 (11·93–13·21) 9·15 (8·16–10·12)
Swaziland 43·17 (39·24–47·45) 37·24 (33·86–40·73) 41·68 (38·42–45·84) 36·52 (33·44–39·83) 54·87 (46·71–63·97) 47·12 (40·22–53·87) 48·96 (42·27–58·26) 43·01 (37·10–49·82) 12·24 (8·24–16·65) 9·06 (5·84–12·09) 10·36 (7·55–14·68) 7·68 (5·39–10·79)
Zimbabwe 45·56 (42·36–49·34) 39·75 (36·90–42·77) 44·61 (41·95–48·39) 39·24 (36·79–42·17) 62·54 (56·27–68·35) 54·29 (48·68–59·44) 56·28 (51·09–62·63) 49·52 (44·79–54·76) 14·81 (11·38–18·26) 11·23 (8·38–13·90) 12·20 (10·09–15·22) 9·24 (7·37–11·68)
Western sub-Saharan Africa 57·51 (56·07–58·82) 49·35 (46·72–51·71) 55·80 (54·46–57·19) 48·44 (46·03–50·65) 64·15 (60·80–66·47) 55·25 (51·81–58·49) 60·97 (58·24–62·97) 53·19 (50·17–55·91) 14·98 (13·35–16·06) 11·21 (9·74–12·54) 14·16 (13·01–15·00) 10·62 (9·32–11·78)
Benin 60·97 (56·43–65·32) 52·53 (48·15–56·53) 56·21 (52·01–61·29) 49·70 (45·45–53·99) 64·84 (55·71–72·41) 56·44 (49·10–62·89) 59·88 (51·34–68·32) 53·59 (45·88–60·42) 13·93 (10·08–17·93) 10·67 (7·51–13·80) 12·40 (9·47–15·93) 9·66 (7·11–12·34)
Burkina Faso 56·63 (53·42–59·73) 48·94 (45·56–52·15) 55·04 (52·19–58·27) 48·19 (44·89–51·56) 61·85 (54·32–68·96) 54·25 (47·62–60·31) 60·01 (52·54–66·03) 53·28 (47·34–58·69) 13·59 (10·13–17·19) 10·51 (7·72–13·28) 13·54 (10·32–16·35) 10·47 (7·98–12·83)
Cameroon 55·92 (52·80–59·52) 48·21 (44·66–51·56) 53·84 (50·74–57·25) 46·89 (43·74–50·19) 61·20 (53·95–68·55) 53·35 (46·88–59·61) 57·59 (50·44–64·22) 50·85 (44·49–56·32) 14·06 (10·39–17·58) 10·68 (7·68–13·40) 12·99 (9·83–16·07) 9·86 (7·25–12·30)
Cape Verde 76·02 (73·41–76·91) 65·63 (62·25–68·60) 63·22 (59·21–68·01) 56·01 (52·27–60·21) 76·55 (74·33–77·59) 66·26 (62·96–69·24) 69·13 (66·18–71·78) 60·99 (57·64–64·19) 18·09 (16·79–18·64) 13·68 (12·17–15·01) 14·85 (13·40–16·22) 11·31 (9·78–12·82)
Chad 54·49 (49·28–60·02) 47·07 (42·17–51·79) 51·52 (46·42–57·50) 44·78 (40·30–49·49) 58·88 (49·37–67·61) 51·31 (43·16–58·31) 55·92 (47·52–63·60) 48·99 (41·63–55·16) 13·57 (9·15–18·17) 10·39 (6·83–13·74) 12·82 (9·30–16·41) 9·68 (6·76–12·31)
Côte d'Ivoire 54·81 (51·77–58·19) 47·31 (44·08–50·42) 52·17 (49·40–55·26) 45·74 (42·79–48·69) 61·41 (55·01–68·52) 53·25 (47·55–58·86) 57·21 (49·99–64·50) 50·62 (44·57–56·49) 13·45 (10·36–17·14) 10·18 (7·63–12·89) 12·52 (9·58–15·76) 9·58 (7·19–12·09)
The Gambia 66·15 (63·52–69·30) 57·47 (53·89–60·95) 63·77 (60·62–66·93) 56·24 (53·02–59·47) 69·63 (64·33–74·55) 60·60 (55·53–65·49) 66·65 (61·40–70·72) 58·85 (53·84–63·05) 15·20 (12·74–17·85) 11·66 (9·40–13·93) 14·44 (12·06–16·15) 11·12 (9·08–12·84)
Ghana 62·22 (58·39–66·35) 54·17 (50·38–58·28) 59·44 (55·06–63·57) 52·58 (48·64–56·59) 67·55 (59·65–74·25) 59·26 (52·16–65·27) 63·06 (54·99–69·81) 56·43 (49·27–62·23) 14·65 (11·01–18·42) 11·43 (8·29–14·33) 13·26 (10·33–16·14) 10·37 (7·79–12·80)
Guinea 56·87 (54·19–59·83) 49·13 (46·04–52·16) 55·17 (52·35–58·20) 48·39 (45·37–51·39) 60·49 (54·52–67·09) 52·65 (47·07–58·36) 57·81 (50·80–64·49) 51·10 (45·32–56·48) 13·11 (10·29–16·46) 10·04 (7·59–12·67) 12·74 (9·77–15·74) 9·76 (7·38–12·08)
Guinea-Bissau 53·45 (41·87–65·17) 47·62 (37·00–56·49) 52·32 (41·45–61·55) 46·95 (36·92–54·28) 56·44 (42·35–67·69) 50·29 (37·66–58·94) 54·86 (41·87–63·97) 49·30 (37·55–56·40) 12·49 (7·38–18·14) 9·86 (5·56–13·75) 12·60 (7·97–16·67) 9·81 (6·01–12·82)
Liberia 58·41 (55·78–61·50) 49·34 (45·91–52·69) 58·42 (55·80–61·11) 49·59 (46·21–52·76) 63·41 (57·41–69·44) 54·28 (49·06–59·54) 63·08 (57·54–67·67) 54·32 (49·25–58·93) 13·46 (10·70–16·61) 9·89 (7·64–12·38) 14·11 (11·59–16·32) 10·32 (8·27–12·33)
Mali 57·10 (54·19–59·62) 48·99 (45·63–52·25) 56·70 (54·17–59·25) 49·03 (45·80–51·97) 60·44 (54·41–66·68) 52·48 (46·95–57·55) 60·04 (54·18–64·35) 52·64 (47·53–56·71) 13·86 (10·84–16·93) 10·51 (8·06–12·88) 14·63 (12·17–16·71) 11·06 (8·94–12·93)
Mauritania 66·08 (63·12–68·95) 56·59 (53·00–60·00) 66·76 (63·89–69·70) 57·74 (54·26–60·96) 69·81 (63·59–75·57) 60·13 (54·58–65·16) 69·83 (63·66–75·84) 60·72 (55·13–65·85) 15·43 (12·47–18·74) 11·57 (9·08–13·97) 16·23 (13·54–19·71) 12·20 (9·82–14·85)
Niger 56·69 (53·93–59·39) 49·23 (46·04–52·19) 55·23 (52·52–57·72) 48·42 (45·56–51·12) 62·47 (56·63–68·18) 54·62 (49·53–59·73) 59·58 (52·81–65·38) 52·71 (46·88–57·41) 14·18 (11·30–17·09) 10·82 (8·50–13·07) 13·37 (10·41–15·90) 10·20 (7·88–12·23)
Nigeria 57·27 (54·37–59·89) 48·85 (45·55–51·94) 56·32 (53·71–59·05) 48·49 (45·46–51·58) 66·33 (59·47–70·32) 56·70 (51·20–61·03) 62·95 (57·35–65·78) 54·38 (49·69–57·95) 16·69 (13·14–18·76) 12·42 (9·77–14·48) 15·56 (13·16–16·63) 11·54 (9·51–13·09)
São Tomé and Príncipe 66·23 (62·95–69·55) 57·52 (53·96–60·98) 64·70 (61·02–68·11) 56·82 (53·12–60·37) 68·81 (61·31–75·85) 59·88 (53·33–66·12) 67·19 (59·36–74·84) 59·20 (52·56–65·53) 14·08 (10·84–17·67) 10·72 (8·12–13·39) 14·05 (11·23–17·55) 10·75 (8·30–13·43)
Senegal 63·34 (58·73–68·24) 54·93 (50·49–59·50) 60·96 (55·78–65·54) 53·85 (49·19–57·99) 66·70 (58·22–74·46) 58·42 (50·73–64·76) 63·84 (54·36–70·63) 56·97 (48·79–63·01) 13·78 (10·12–17·89) 10·62 (7·54–13·61) 13·27 (9·98–16·37) 10·37 (7·55–12·81)
Sierra Leone 53·25 (51·13–55·51) 45·84 (43·07–48·53) 51·31 (49·15–53·49) 44·43 (41·65–46·90) 57·73 (51·98–63·30) 50·57 (45·66–55·39) 56·54 (50·98–62·48) 49·86 (44·73–54·86) 12·49 (9·78–15·38) 9·48 (7·31–11·79) 12·90 (10·28–15·60) 9·74 (7·58–11·87)
Togo 59·02 (55·78–62·50) 51·21 (47·63–54·69) 54·59 (51·23–58·28) 48·11 (44·83–51·43) 64·61 (58·52–70·49) 56·48 (50·97–61·52) 58·47 (52·25–65·69) 52·02 (46·39–57·51) 14·56 (11·46–17·65) 11·20 (8·60–13·65) 12·32 (9·91–15·47) 9·53 (7·35–11·85)
Eastern sub-Saharan Africa 56·08 (54·83–57·34) 48·45 (45·86–50·76) 54·53 (53·31–55·72) 47·61 (45·40–49·71) 64·32 (61·38–67·07) 55·84 (52·48–58·99) 60·50 (57·72–63·16) 53·13 (50·12–56·22) 13·98 (12·61–15·37) 10·53 (9·15–11·90) 13·06 (11·85–14·21) 9·88 (8·61–11·14)
Burundi 55·27 (52·28–58·06) 48·44 (45·16–51·56) 54·16 (50·88–57·52) 47·83 (44·43–51·02) 62·69 (54·73–70·23) 55·80 (48·75–62·27) 60·10 (53·06–67·68) 53·82 (47·80–59·82) 12·82 (9·59–16·50) 10·08 (7·37–12·88) 12·63 (9·89–15·75) 9·88 (7·68–12·18)
Comoros 66·70 (63·68–69·99) 57·99 (54·66–61·50) 65·33 (62·26–68·60) 57·09 (53·78–60·39) 69·29 (63·40–75·47) 60·62 (54·98–65·59) 66·88 (59·97–73·41) 58·93 (52·88–64·41) 14·53 (11·92–17·65) 11·10 (8·78–13·54) 14·20 (11·45–17·21) 10·82 (8·68–13·10)
Djibouti 63·91 (53·86–71·72) 55·49 (47·06–61·84) 57·84 (47·80–66·54) 51·35 (42·10–58·41) 66·98 (56·90–74·05) 58·00 (50·10–64·10) 60·88 (50·23–69·17) 53·93 (44·93–60·78) 14·82 (10·34–18·71) 11·17 (7·77–13·99) 12·68 (9·03–16·33) 9·67 (6·85–12·37)
Eritrea 60·25 (51·43–69·82) 52·69 (45·09–59·93) 59·80 (49·75–67·61) 52·23 (44·29–58·27) 61·27 (51·78–71·86) 54·02 (45·38–61·97) 60·30 (50·84–69·23) 53·13 (44·87–60·06) 11·72 (8·22–16·59) 9·11 (6·24–12·36) 12·28 (9·13–15·98) 9·37 (6·69–12·12)
Ethiopia 56·14 (53·45–58·72) 49·32 (46·48–52·07) 56·04 (53·51–58·96) 49·30 (46·65–52·30) 66·80 (59·33–73·42) 58·77 (52·50–64·20) 63·57 (55·62–69·63) 56·28 (49·52–61·63) 14·27 (10·72–17·84) 11·00 (8·27–13·63) 13·56 (10·54–16·34) 10·42 (7·90–12·58)
Kenya 58·53 (57·14–59·88) 49·67 (46·13–52·44) 55·96 (54·64–57·25) 48·76 (46·34–50·93) 67·57 (65·77–69·31) 57·66 (53·64–61·01) 62·82 (61·09–64·62) 54·92 (52·29–57·47) 15·31 (14·17–16·53) 11·45 (9·89–12·97) 13·87 (13·01–14·77) 10·59 (9·37–11·68)
Madagascar 62·33 (59·40–65·25) 53·64 (50·13–57·00) 60·13 (56·80–62·98) 52·03 (48·41–55·18) 65·04 (57·77–72·35) 56·75 (50·52–62·59) 61·91 (54·45–69·95) 54·43 (48·02–60·83) 13·15 (10·10–16·69) 9·99 (7·55–12·60) 12·64 (9·95–15·97) 9·56 (7·46–11·87)
Malawi 49·32 (46·27–52·66) 42·60 (39·74–45·60) 47·72 (44·73–51·41) 41·63 (38·71–44·92) 62·98 (56·85–68·70) 54·97 (49·46–59·86) 58·15 (51·92–63·72) 51·35 (46·05–56·40) 14·81 (11·53–17·83) 11·32 (8·60–13·68) 13·51 (10·59–16·30) 10·37 (7·97–12·57)
Mozambique 54·79 (51·04–58·72) 46·48 (42·43–50·10) 50·88 (47·90–54·71) 44·16 (41·06–47·64) 59·86 (52·11–67·28) 51·69 (45·15–57·69) 54·28 (47·35–61·94) 47·80 (41·60–53·86) 13·85 (9·99–17·92) 10·32 (7·24–13·27) 11·87 (9·20–15·65) 8·84 (6·56–11·72)
Rwanda 60·97 (58·02–64·00) 52·57 (48·95–56·16) 58·08 (55·32–61·18) 50·39 (47·21–53·62) 67·68 (60·39–73·73) 59·11 (52·82–64·58) 63·73 (56·40–69·34) 56·16 (49·82–61·32) 15·06 (11·69–18·23) 11·56 (8·91–14·25) 13·95 (10·78–16·52) 10·74 (8·17–12·89)
Somalia 52·51 (41·10–66·66) 45·86 (35·54–55·66) 51·66 (41·01–63·08) 46·33 (36·49–54·83) 54·98 (42·35–67·96) 47·96 (37·04–57·19) 53·40 (41·87–64·12) 47·76 (37·41–55·73) 10·69 (7·12–16·09) 8·10 (5·21–11·73) 11·26 (7·63–15·67) 8·71 (5·75–11·88)
South Sudan 55·74 (43·07–67·56) 48·44 (37·79–57·07) 54·87 (43·09–64·34) 47·89 (37·96–55·43) 56·87 (43·88–68·72) 49·77 (38·27–58·38) 55·45 (43·16–64·87) 48·64 (38·05–56·08) 11·97 (7·37–17·66) 8·98 (5·34–13·00) 12·33 (7·95–16·51) 9·12 (5·83–12·18)
Tanzania 57·17 (53·50–60·79) 49·44 (46·06–53·05) 57·12 (53·46–60·80) 49·74 (46·17–53·19) 65·47 (56·90–72·65) 57·40 (50·02–63·49) 62·69 (54·76–68·51) 55·32 (48·37–60·49) 14·46 (10·45–18·66) 11·18 (7·94–14·12) 13·93 (10·64–16·46) 10·71 (8·00–12·82)
Uganda 55·34 (52·66–58·44) 47·78 (44·69–50·97) 51·71 (49·09–54·57) 45·36 (42·49–48·23) 64·35 (56·89–71·57) 56·25 (49·89–62·36) 58·36 (51·27–66·03) 51·76 (45·44–57·69) 14·11 (10·60–18·08) 10·90 (7·98–13·80) 12·40 (9·73–15·74) 9·54 (7·25–12·13)
Zambia 48·46 (45·68–51·26) 42·41 (39·54–45·15) 45·78 (43·60–48·33) 40·36 (37·94–42·72) 59·83 (53·63–67·00) 52·38 (46·92–58·21) 53·97 (48·48–61·10) 47·77 (42·64–53·66) 12·74 (9·89–16·41) 9·81 (7·34–12·57) 10·61 (8·78–13·49) 8·07 (6·51–10·38)
Central sub-Saharan Africa 56·41 (52·60–59·67) 46·71 (41·51–50·81) 54·60 (51·21–57·42) 46·50 (42·70–49·68) 61·04 (55·98–66·25) 50·71 (44·61–55·69) 58·94 (53·90–63·87) 50·56 (46·12–54·91) 12·79 (10·79–15·11) 8·87 (6·84–10·89) 12·61 (10·67–14·58) 9·12 (7·53–10·85)
Angola 55·19 (43·52–67·89) 47·66 (37·79–56·61) 55·20 (44·08–64·69) 48·52 (38·95–56·00) 59·75 (45·75–71·66) 51·73 (39·66–60·53) 59·55 (46·05–68·63) 52·43 (41·43–59·55) 12·10 (7·38–17·92) 8·97 (5·42–12·88) 12·72 (8·13–16·57) 9·57 (6·13–12·44)
Central African Republic 47·63 (39·73–57·62) 41·10 (34·21–48·26) 43·62 (37·13–52·61) 38·33 (32·47–45·21) 51·75 (42·48–63·18) 45·12 (37·16–53·72) 47·55 (39·54–59·15) 42·15 (34·69–50·66) 10·90 (7·53–16·52) 8·25 (5·45–12·08) 9·75 (7·41–14·86) 7·34 (5·32–10·57)
Congo 55·61 (52·62–58·83) 47·40 (43·62–50·61) 58·08 (54·72–61·61) 50·39 (46·85–54·00) 60·01 (52·72–68·01) 51·32 (45·16–57·62) 63·40 (55·94–68·74) 55·23 (48·88–60·46) 11·54 (8·70–15·25) 8·42 (6·22–11·06) 14·00 (11·01–16·37) 10·51 (8·10–12·58)
Democratic Republic of the Congo 57·64 (55·14–60·61) 47·07 (40·13–51·19) 55·25 (52·58–57·86) 46·61 (42·75–49·94) 62·14 (56·77–68·11) 51·04 (43·96–56·67) 59·37 (53·21–65·66) 50·66 (45·33–55·99) 13·20 (10·70–16·25) 9·04 (6·57–11·48) 12·70 (10·21–15·37) 9·14 (7·12–11·15)
Equatorial Guinea 56·51 (44·74–67·67) 49·44 (38·84–57·56) 55·55 (44·50–63·43) 48·93 (39·34–55·10) 61·90 (48·89–71·63) 53·99 (42·57–61·32) 60·27 (48·44–67·38) 53·03 (42·56–58·90) 13·77 (8·32–18·74) 10·47 (6·04–13·86) 13·88 (9·07–16·60) 10·47 (6·73–12·86)
Gabon 61·28 (58·52–64·16) 51·68 (47·81–55·07) 59·26 (55·55–63·45) 51·16 (47·61–55·01) 68·45 (61·48–74·32) 57·02 (50·37–62·57) 63·58 (56·80–69·02) 55·00 (48·91–60·04) 14·41 (11·30–17·40) 10·16 (7·60–12·55) 13·98 (11·11–16·34) 10·34 (8·00–12·41)

Data in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. HALE=healthy life expectancy. SDI=Socio-demographic Index.