Table 7.
Global counterfactual deaths and population attributable fractions for diarrhoea and lower respiratory infection pathogens for 2005 and 2015, with percentage change between 2005 and 2015
|
Children younger than 5 years |
All ages |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 |
2015 |
Percentage change, 2005–15 | 2005 |
2015 |
Percentage change, 2005–15 | |||||
| Deaths (thousands) | Population attributable fractions (%) | Deaths(thousands) | Population attributable fractions (%) | Deaths(thousands) | Population attributable fractions (%) | Deaths (thousands) | Population attributable fractions (%) | |||
| Diarrhoea | ||||||||||
| Cholera | 46·8 (32·2 to 64·5) | 6·2 (4·3 to 8·4) | 28·8 (20·6 to 39·7) | 5·8 (4·1 to 7·9) | −38·4 (−49·9 to −24·3) | 98·7 (70·7 to 130·3) | 6·0 (4·3 to 7·7) | 68·4 (50·4 to 87·1) | 5·2 (3·8 to 6·6) | −30·7 (−38·9 to −21·1) |
| Other Salmonella infections | 60·1 (18·6 to 131·3) | 7·9 (2·5 to 17·6) | 38·5 (12·2 to 84·2) | 7·7 (2·5 to 16·6) | −35·9 (−76·9 to 76·3) | 116·8 (44·3 to 241·9) | 7·0 (2·7 to 14·5) | 90·3 (34·1 to 183·1) | 6·9 (2·7 to 13·9) | −22·7 (−71·8 to 116·1) |
| Shigellosis | 83·0 (42·8 to 147·3) | 10·9 (5·7 to 18·9) | 54·9 (27·0 to 94·7) | 11·0 (5·5 to 18·7) | −33·8 (−68·3 to 40·9) | 195·4 (101·5 to 328·5) | 11·8 (6·2 to 19·6) | 164·3 (85·0 to 278·7) | 12·5 (6·4 to 21·2) | −15·9 (−59·2 to 77·4) |
| Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection | 15·2 (0·7 to 41·7) | 2·0 (0·1 to 5·4) | 11·3 (0·7 to 32·0) | 2·3 (0·1 to 6·2) | −26·0 (−85·5 to 283·4) | 16·0 (0·6 to 44·6) | 1·0 (0·0 to 2·6) | 12·0 (0·6 to 34·1) | 0·9 (0·0 to 2·6) | −25·1 (−83·8 to 249·8) |
| Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection | 38·2 (15·7 to 72·5) | 5·0 (2·1 to 9·3) | 23·6 (9·6 to 44·3) | 4·7 (2·0 to 8·9) | −38·1 (−74·0 to 42·7) | 91·8 (40·3 to 167·0) | 5·5 (2·5 to 10·1) | 74·1 (29·9 to 137·9) | 5·6 (2·3 to 10·4) | −19·3 (−66·5 to 91·2) |
| Campylobacter enteritis | 46·1 (10·5 to 94·1) | 6·1 (1·4 to 12·4) | 30·9 (8·3 to 62·5) | 6·2 (1·7 to 12·5) | −32·9 (−68·2 to 48·8) | 52·7 (11·1 to 111·0) | 3·2 (0·7 to 6·8) | 37·5 (6·3 to 81·6) | 2·9 (0·5 to 6·2) | −28·9 (−69·8 to 67·0) |
| Amoebiasis | 26·1 (−37·8 to 173·9) | 3·4 (−4·9 to 22·3) | 15·5 (−32·4 to 102·4) | 3·1 (−6·3 to 20·7) | −40·8 (−467·1 to 881·9 | 79·7 (4·9 to 316·8) | 4·8 (0·3 to 18·8) | 67·9 (5·6 to 236·7) | 5·2 (0·4 to 18·1) | −14·8 (−90·9 to 837·6) |
| Cryptosporidiosis | 78·7 (21·2 to 179·0) | 10·3 (2·9 to 22·8) | 60·4 (13·7 to 134·5) | 12·1 (2·8 to 26·9) | −23·2 (−80·6 to 188·8) | 83·0 (14·5 to 201·5) | 5·0 (0·9 to 11·8) | 64·8 (11·1 to 154·2) | 4·9 (0·8 to 11·6) | −21·9 (−81·6 to 208·8) |
| Rotaviral enteritis | 259·7 (211·2 to 323·5) | 34·2 (29·3 to 41·5) | 146·5 (118·0 to 183·5) | 29·3 (24·6 to 35·9) | −43·6 (−52·1 to −33·0) | 336·1 (281·3 to 403·7) | 20·3 (17·4 to 24·0) | 199·2 (165·5 to 241·2) | 15·2 (12·9 to 18·1) | −40·7 (−48·0 to −32·3) |
| Aeromonas | 11·8 (−72·2 to 90·6) | 1·5 (−9·5 to 11·8) | 7·3 (−48·3 to 59·1) | 1·4 (−9·7 to 12·0) | −37·9 (−96·0 to 287·7) | 67·8 (−10·4 to 189·9) | 4·1 (−0·6 to 11·4) | 56·8 (−4·0 to 151·3) | 4·3 (−0·3 to 11·6) | −16·2 (−112·7 to 475·3) |
| Clostridium difficile | 0·9 (0·8 to 1·1) | 0·1 (0·1 to 0·1) | 0·8 (0·7 to 0·9) | 0·2 (0·1 to 0·2) | −10·5 (−24·0 to 2·3 | 6·7 (5·9 to 7·7) | 0·4 (0·3 to 0·5) | 9·4 (7·9 to 11·5) | 0·7 (0·6 to 0·9) | 40·1 (29·6 to 49·9) |
| Norovirus | 20·7 (5·0 to 46·3) | 2·7 (0·7 to 6·3) | 14·8 (4·2 to 33·7) | 3·0 (0·8 to 6·7) | −28·5 (−71·9 to 86·3) | 36·3 (5·6 to 82·5) | 2·2 (0·3 to 5·0) | 29·7 (4·8 to 67·6) | 2·3 (0·4 to 5·2) | −18·3 (−70·8 to 131·3) |
| Adenovirus | 68·5 (24·8 to 141·9) | 9·0 (3·3 to 18·6) | 46·0 (16·2 to 97·7) | 9·2 (3·3 to 19·7) | −32·8 (−77·2 to 90·1) | 95·2 (35·4 to 191·4) | 5·7 (2·1 to 11·6) | 70·2 (25·4 to 145·4) | 5·4 (2·0 to 10·9) | −26·2 (−74·5 to 110·8) |
| Lower respiratory infections | ||||||||||
| Influenza | 16·3 (9·6 to 26·0) | 1·5 (0·8 to 2·4) | 10·2 (5·7 to 16·8) | 1·4 (0·8 to 2·4) | −37·8 (−44·2 to −31·7) | 81·3 (56·3 to 116·8) | 2·9 (1·9 to 4·2) | 83·1 (55·7 to 122·1) | 3·0 (2·0 to 4·4) | 2·3 (−4·4 to 8·7) |
| Pneumococcal pneumonia | 642·0 (386·2 to 848·6) | 57·6 (35·5 to 74·1) | 393·0 (228·4 to 532·3) | 55·8 (32·5 to 75·0) | −38·8 (−45·7 to −32·1) | 1692·3 (1061·1 to 2245·6) | 59·8 (37·7 to 79·2) | 1517·4 (857·9 to 2183·8) | 55·4 (31·5 to 79·1) | −10·3 (−22·4 to −0·8) |
| Haemophilus influenzae type b | 149·5 (−8·9 to 277·9) | 13·4 (−0·8 to 24·7) | 58·7 (−3·1 to 114·5) | 8·3 (−0·5 to 15·9) | −60·7 (−65·7 to −56·8) | 149·5 (−8·9 to 277·9) | 5·3 (−0·3 to 9·9) | 58·7 (−3·1 to 114·5) | 2·1 (−0·1 to 4·2) | −60·7 (−65·7 to −56·8) |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 58·4 (33·2 to 97·6) | 5·2 (3·0 to 8·7) | 36·4 (20·4 to 61·5) | 5·2 (2·9 to 8·6) | −37·8 (−44·4 to −30·6) | 95·8 (61·5 to 142·6) | 3·4 (2·2 to 5·1) | 82·0 (53·9 to 117·6) | 3·0 (2·0 to 4·3) | −14·3 (−23·1 to −5·2) |
Data in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. Numbers for each cause represent the reduction in deaths that is estimated to occur if a pathogen were eliminated. Numbers should not be summed across pathogens because of interactions between pathogens.