Table 2.
Common characteristics of selected human studies of cardiac shock wave therapy
| Author (year) | Study population | Stress test, used to detect myocardial ischemia | Patients, Total control (n) | Age (years) | Sex, male, n (%) | Follow up, months |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-controlled studies | ||||||
| Caspari G. H. et al. (1999) [19] | Stable angina | SPECT | 9/- | 65 ± 7 | nd | 6d |
| Gutersohn A. et al. (2003) [51] | Stable angina | SPECT, ET | 25/- | 66 ± 7.3 | nd | 6d |
| Gutersohn A. et al. (2005) [52] | Stable angina | SPECT | 14/- | 66 | nd | 12e |
| Gutersohn A. et al. (2006) [53] | Stable angina | SPECT | 23/- | 66 | nd | 60d |
| Fukumoto Y.et al. (2006) [54] | Stable angina | ET, SPECT | 9/- | 67.8 | 5 (55.5%) | 12d |
| Lyadov K. et al. (2006) [55] | Stable angina | DSE, CPET | 13/- | 59.6 ± 6.9 | 11 (85%) | 1e |
| Naber C. et al. (2007) [56] | Stable angina | SPECT | 25/- | 63.8 ± 8.2 | nd | 3d |
| KhattabA.A. et al. (2007) [57] | Stable angina | SPECT | 10/- | nd | nd | 1d |
| Naber C. et al. (2008) [58] | Stable angina | SPECT | 24/- | 63.8 ± 8.2 | 18 (75%) | 3d |
| Takayama T. et al. (2008) [28] | Stable angina | SPECT | 17/- | 67.5 | 17 (100%) | 6d |
| Wang Y. et al. (2010) [59] | Stable angina | DSE, SPECT | 9/- | 63.7 ± 5.7 | 9 (100%) | 1d |
| Faber L. et al. (2010) [60] | Stable angina | PET, CPET | 16/- | 66 ± 10 | nd | 1d |
| Vainer J. et al. (2010) [61] | Stable angina | ET, SPECT | 22/- | 69 ± 7 | 18 (81.8%) | 4d |
| Vasyuk Y. A. et al. (2010) [25] | Ischemic HF | DSE, SPECT | 24/- | 63.3 ± 6.1 | 20 (83.3%) | 6d |
| Alunni G. et al. (2011) [62] | Stable angina | SPECT | 16/- | 71 ± 5.6 | 12 (80%) | 12 |
| Vainer J. et al. (2012) [63] | Stable angina | SPECT | 50/- | 68 ± 9 | 40 (80%) | 4d |
| Alunni G. et al. (2013) [64] | Stable angina | SPECT | 25/- | nd | nd | 6d |
| Gabrusenko S.A. et al. (2013) [29] | Stable angina | SPECT | 17/- | 67.4 ± 8.6 | 14 (82.4%) | 1e |
| Zuoziene G. et al. (2013) [65] | Stable angina | DSE, SPECT | 40/- | 67.7 ± 7 | 30 (75%) | 3d |
| Prinz C. et al. (2013) [66] | Stable angina | ET, PET | 43/- | 67 ± 10 | nd | 1d |
| Cassar A. et al. (2014) [27] | Stable angina | ET, SPECT | 15/- | 65.0 ± 12.1 | 13 (86.7) | 4d |
| Faber L. et al. (2014) [67] | Stable angina | PET | 47/- | 67 ± 10 | nd | 1,5d |
| Prasad M. et al. (2015) [68] | Stable angina | SPECT, ET | 111/- | 62.9 ± 10.9 | 98 (83.7) | 3–6e |
| Kaller M. et al. (2015) [49] | Stable angina | PET, ET | 21/- | 65 ± 10 | 13 (61.9%) | 1.5–2d |
| Cai HY et al. (2015) [30] | Stable angina | ET | 26/- | 63 ± 10 | 23 (88.5%) | 4d |
| Liu BY et al. (2015) [69] | Stable angina | SPECT | 11/- | nd | nd | 12d |
| Vainer J. et al. (2016) [70] | Stable angina | ET, SPECT | 33/- | 69.7 ± 8 | 27 (82%) | 4d |
| Non-randomized, controlled studies | ||||||
| Kikuchi Y. et al. (2010)c [31] | Stable angina | CPET | 8/8 | 70 ± 3 | 5 (62.5%) | 3d |
| Kazmi W.H. et al. (2012) [71] | Stable angina | SPECT | 86/43 | 57.7 ± 10.5 | 73 (84.5%) | 6d |
| Alunni G. et al. (2014) [72] | Stable angina | SPECT | 72/29 | 70 ± 5.3 | 60 (83.3%) | 6d |
| Nirala S. et al. (2016) [73] | Stable angina | ET, DSE | 52/11 | 63.4 ± 10.8 | 43 (82.7%) | 72d |
| Randomized, controlled studies | ||||||
| Peng Y.Z. et al. (2012) [26] | Ischemic HF | SPECT | 50/nd | nd | nd | 1d |
| Wang Y. et al. (2012)a [24] | Stable angina | DSE, SPECT | 55/14 | 64.1 ± 9.8 | 47 (85%) | 12e |
| Zhao L. et al. (2015)b [74] | Stable angina | SPECT, ET | 87/27 | 66.8 ± 8.4 | 68 (78%) | 12e |
| Randomized, placebo controlled studies | ||||||
| Schmid J.P. et al. (2006) [75] | Stable angina | SPECT | 15/8 | 68 ± 8 | 14 (60%) | 3d |
| Yang P. et al. (2012)a [76] | Stable angina | SPECT | 45/20 | 67 ± 8.3 | 36 (80%) | 3e |
| Leibowitz D. et al. (2012)a [77] | Stable angina | ET, SPECT | 28/10 | 63.3 ± 9.2 | 24 (85.7%) | 3d |
| Schmid J.P. et al. (2013) [78] | Stable angina | CPET | 21/10 | 68.2 ± 8.3 | 19 (90.5%) | 3d |
| Yang P. et al. (2013)a [79] | Stable angina | SPECT | 25/11 | 65.1 ± 8.5 | 18 (72%) | 6d |
Continuous variables were expressed as mean value ± standard deviation (SD), whereas categorical variables were expressed as percentages
ET ECG Exercise test, CPET cardiopulmonary exercise test, DSE dobutamine stress echocardiography, PET positron emission tomography, SPECT single photon emission computed tomography; nd = no data; adouble blind; bsingle blind; cdouble blind, placebo controlled, crossover design; dtime after the end of treatment (treatment ends at 9th treatment week); etime from the treatment initiation