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. 2017 Mar 20;114(14):3774–3779. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1701370114

Table S3.

Model estimates for the discrete-choice model

Attributes and levels All respondents Segments based on attitudes toward forest-based CES Classes based on attitude toward wildflower viewing Classes based on knowledge of local flora
1 2 3 4 Wald (=) Less important More important Wald (=) Novice Intermediate Expert Wald (=)
Flower species richness −0.01 0.00 −0.02 −0.02 0.00 0.53 −0.05 0.01 2.96 −0.01 −0.01 −0.01 0.23
Flower abundance 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 1.05 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 4.4
No. of colors 10.34 8.33* 5.03
 1 −0.61 −0.79 −0.29 −0.67 −0.74 −0.23 −0.76 −0.52 −0.70 −0.46
 2 0.08 0.16 −0.03 −0.02 0.16 −0.15 0.18 0.06 0.11 0.01
 3 0.24 0.27 0.33 0.36 0.10 0.20 0.24 0.25 0.18 0.50
 5 0.29 0.35 −0.01 0.33 0.49 0.18 0.34 0.21 0.41 −0.04
Evenness 0.56 0.34 1.3
 Low −0.24 −0.30 −0.21 −0.23 −0.25 −0.29 −0.23 −0.31 −0.24 −0.16
 High 0.24 0.30 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.29 0.23 0.31 0.24 0.16
Charismatic species 1.32 0.19 2.8
 Present −0.18 0.19 0.15 0.09 0.23 −0.16 −0.20 −0.15 −0.16 −0.34
 Absent 0.18 −0.19 −0.15 −0.09 −0.23 0.16 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.34
Pseudo R2 0.25 0.28 0.21 0.23 0.28 0.23 0.26 0.32 0.23 0.26
n 293 77 79 36 101 82 211 77 174 42

Model estimates for the discrete-choice model based on all respondents (i.e., single-class) or segments based on respondents’ attitudes toward forest-based CES, attitude toward wildflower viewing, and knowledge of local flora. Significant Wald (=) values indicate differences in the estimated coefficient of an attribute between segments. Significance: P < 0.001 and *P < 0.05.