Table 3.

Biochemical Analysis of Serum and Hepatic Lipid Concentrations and Liver Pathology in Chow-Fed and 70% Fed Wt, Gsta4^−/−, Ppara^−/−, and Ppara^−/−/Gsta4^−/− dKO Mice

Group	Liver/BW (%)	Hepatic triglycerides	Serum triglycerides	Pathology score
				Total	Steatosis	Inflammation	Necrosis
Wt chow	3.70 ± 0.1	67.8 ± 12.4	100.6 ± 8.4	0.66 ± 0.40	0.66 ± 0.42	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00
Wt 70% HF	3.10 ± 0.0	417.2 ± 72.4∗	62.4 ± 18.9	1.57 ± 0.30	1.57 ± 0.29	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00
Gsta4−/− chow	3.70 ± 0.1	21.8 ± 8.6	85.7 ± 8.5	0.37 ± 0.18	0.37 ± 0.18	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00
Gsta4−/− 70% HF	3.20 ± 0.1	359.2 ± 44.8∗	116.2 ± 25.7	0.50 ± 0.22	0.50 ± 0.22	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00
Ppara−/− chow	4.10 ± 0.1	98.9 ± 14.1	191.5 ± 35.7†	0.62 ± 0.18	0.62 ± 0.18	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00
Ppara−/− 70% HF	5.60 ± 0.4∗‡	1055.1 ± 119∗‡	94.3 ± 11.6∗	4.25 ± 0.49∗‡	3.00 ± 0.00	0.53 ± 0.18	0.77 ± 0.51
dKO chow	4.00 ± 0.1	55.7 ± 16.6	157.1 ± 19.5†	0.62 ± 0.26	0.62 ± 0.26	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00
dKO 70% HF	5.50 ± 0.1∗‡	1313.0 ± 104∗§	100.1 ± 10.6∗	4.00 ± 0.37∗‡	2.8 ± 0.13	0.37 ± 0.18	0.75 ± 0.31
P values
Genotype	<0.001	<0.001	0.025	<0.001
Diet	0.002	<0.001	0.008	<0.001
Interaction	<0.001	<0.001	0.029	<0.001

Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Triglyceride concentrations were biochemically measured, as stated in Materials and Methods.¹⁶ Total liver pathology was assessed in hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections by a veterinary pathologist, as described in Materials and Methods. Statistical significance was determined by two-way analysis of variance, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc analysis. n = 6 animals per wild-type group; n = 8 animals per knockout group.

^∗P < 0.05 for chow versus 70% HF diet (within each genotype).

^†P < 0.05 (between genotypes for chow diet).

^‡P < 0.05 (between genotypes for 70% HF diet).

^§P < 0.01 (between genotypes for 70% HF diet).

BW, body weight; dKO, double knockout; HF, high fat; Wt, wild type.