Leukocyte recruitment is increased after traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). A–C: Wild-type (WT) mice received bone marrow transplants from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice and 4 weeks later they were subjected to TON. A: Images of leukocyte distribution in the central retina were taken at 0, 3, 6, and 9 hours after TON using real-time scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) imaging. B: Bar graph represents the quantification of percentage leukocyte area relative to total image area at 0 hour [control (Con)] and 9 hours after TON. C: Representative SLO image sequences at 9 hours after TON. Arrows indicate an example of GFP-positive leukocyte rolling along the major retinal vein. D and E: Eight-week-old WT mice were subjected to TON, and 24 hours later, noninjured control or TON-performed eyes were collected. D: Immunofluorescence staining for leukocyte subtype markers CD45, Ly6G/Ly6C, Iba1, and CD3 (green) in retinal flat-mounts. E: Bar graphs represent the quantification of recruited cells that were specifically labeled with antibodies against CD45, Ly6G/Ly6C, Iba1, and CD3. n = 5 mice (B and C); n = 3 mice (D and E). ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 versus control. Scale bars: 200 μm (A); 50 μm (C and D). T, time elapsed after initiation of imaging.