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Levels of mRNA for the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and for the constitutive enzyme GAPDH in macrophages exposed to 1 ng of leukotoxin/ml from A. actinomycetemcomitans or to 100 ng of E. coli LPS (Ec LPS)/ml for 3 h. The corresponding mRNA levels in unchallenged (Control) cells are also included. The experiment was performed in triplicate with macrophages obtained from different donors. Representative results are shown.
