Table 1.
Bone marrow stimulation of degenerative and/or osteoarthritic joints
| ≥ 45 years without any reference to the joints being diseased | ||
| • Miller et al. 2004, therapeutic case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| • Bae et al. 2013, therapeutic case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| • Solheim et al. 2014, case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| Summary: Younger age was beneficial for the outcome. | ||
| Reports on pure OA patients treated by bone marrow stimulations | ||
| • Bae et al. 2013, case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| Summary: Half of the patients (62) had undergone total knee arthroplasties (TKA) at a follow-up of 12 years after the index procedure. | ||
| • Miller et al. 2004, therapeutic case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| Summary: Significant improvement in outcome scores but 1/5 had complications needing extra surgeries. | ||
| • Sakata et al. 2013, case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| • Kaul et al. 2012, case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| Summary: Results suggest that arthroscopic marrow stimulation might not improve clinical symptoms for the long-term due to poor repair tissue formation. | ||
| • Sterett et al. 2010, case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| Summary: 91% survivorship at 7 years after a combination of high tibial osteotomy and microfracture. Eleven percent of the patients were operated on with artificial arthroplasty after mean 81 months. | ||
| Bone marrow augmented techniques for degenerative and/or | ||
| osteoarthritic joints | ||
| • Gille et al. 2013, prognostic study | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| Summary: Three age groups were studied with less good results in the age group >47 years. | ||
| • Anders et al. 2013, RCT | LOE 2 | RoB mod. |
| Summary: No age influences seen on the repair between microfracture alone or augmented microfracture. Mean age 37 (21–50). | ||
| • Shive et al. 2015, RCT | LOE 1 | RoB low |
| Summary: Gel augmentation patients had significantly better MRI results compared to only microfracture patients but the mirctofracture group was significantly older; mean age 40.0 ± 10.0 vs 34.3 ± 9.7 years; p = 0.03. | ||
| • Di Martino et al. 2015, case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| Summary: A significant difference was shown between patients younger versus older than 40 years, with younger patients having a significant better clinical improvement. | ||
| • Brittberg et al.1994, case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| • De Windt et al. 2012, case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| Summary: Carbon as scaffolds for treatment of early localized OA gives significant pain relief up to 4 years follow-up. | ||
LOE = Level of evidence (1–4)
RCT = Randomized controlled trial
RoB = Risk of bias (low, moderate, high)