Table 2.
Autologous chondrocyte implantations (ACI)
| ACI (1st Generation) | ||
| • Brittberg et al. 1994, case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| Long-term follow-ups with ACI | ||
| • Peterson et al. 2010 case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| • Brix et al. 2014 case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| • Niemeyer et al. 2014 case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| RCT with different ACI generations | ||
| – 1st and 2nd generation ACI | ||
| • Horas et al. 2003, RCT | LOE 2 | RoB mod. |
| • Bentley et al. 2003, RCT | LOE 2 | RoB mod. |
| • Dozin et al. 2005, RCT | LOE 2 | RoB mod. |
| • Knutsen et al. 2004, 2007, 2016, RCT | LOE 1 | RoB mod. |
| • Lim et al. 2012 RCT | LOE 2 | RoB mod. |
| • Vanlauwe et al. 2011, RCT | LOE 1 | RoB low |
| – 3rd generation ACI | ||
| • Visna et al.2004, RCT | LOE 2 | RoB mod. |
| • Basad et al. 2010, RCT | LOE 1 | RoB Low |
| • Crawford et al. 2012, RCT | LOE 2 | RoB mod. |
| • Saris et al. 2014, RCT | LOE 1 | RoB low |
| • Akgun et al. 2015, RCT | LOE 2 | RoB low |
| • Clavé et al. 2016, RCT | LOE 1 | RoB mod. |
| – 4th generation ACI (cartilage fragments) | ||
| • Cole et al. 2011, RCT | LOE 2 | RoB mod. |
| • Spalding et al. 2011, RCT | LOE 2 | RoB mod. |
| Autologous chondrocyte implantation as treatment for degenerative and/or osteoarthritic joints | ||
| • Ossendorf et al 2007, case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| • Kreuz et al. 2009, case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| Summary: Overall improvements in patients affected by early osteoarthritis treated with polymer-based autologous cartilage implants. Results were sustained over 4 years follow up and significant improvement in symptoms and good defect filling on MRI were seen. | ||
| • Minas et al. 2010, case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| • Rosenberger et al. 2008, case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| Summary: Large early OA knees were treated with significant outcome improvements and with failure rates between 8–14% (knees turned into joint arthroplasties after up to 11 years follow up). | ||
| • Filardo et al. 2012, case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| Summary: Patients with degenerative lesions were treated and statistically significant improvements were observed in all the scores at mid-term follow-up. However, these scores were lower and failures more frequently than previously reported in non-arthritic populations. | ||
| • Bauer et. 2012, case series | LOE 4 | RoB high |
| Summary: There were significant improvements in all five KOOS domains. Four were significantly maintained to 5 years. |
LOE, RCT, and RoB, see Table 1