Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants by fresh fruit consumption frequency and tertiles of physical activity level.
| Fresh fruit consumption (days/week) | Physical activity (MET-hr/day) | Overall (70,047) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 1 (n = 25,841) | 1–3 (n = 21,141) | >3 (n = 23,065) | <8.91 (n = 23,692) | 8.91–16.53 (n = 23,008) | >16.53 (n = 23,347) | ||
| Physical activity (SD), MET-hr/day | 16.0 (10.8) | 15.9 (10.1) | 15.6 (10.9) | 6.7 (6.6) | 12.8 (6.4) | 28.2 (7.0) | 15.8 (11.8) |
| Age (SD), years | 59.6 (9.8) | 58.5 (9.2) | 58.4 (9.9) | 63.0 (8.5) | 59.9 (8.5) | 53.8 (8.9) | 58.9 (9.3) |
| Women, % | 57.7 | 57.7 | 65.8 | 56.7 | 70.5 | 54.0 | 60.3 |
| Urban population, % | 29.6 | 53.6 | 82.9 | 60.7 | 59.9 | 42.5 | 54.4 |
| High school or above, % | 31.9 | 41.6 | 59.1 | 43.5 | 46.1 | 41.8 | 43.8 |
| Annual income>20,000 Yuan, % | 38.0 | 44.4 | 57.5 | 41.9 | 48.5 | 48.8 | 46.4 |
| Current smokers, % | 26.1 | 20.4 | 14.5 | 19.6 | 20.3 | 21.7 | 20.5 |
| Current drinkers, % | 13.5 | 11.2 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 12.1 | 13.0 | 11.6 |
| Regular food consumption*, % | |||||||
| Fresh fruit | - | - | 100% | 31.3 | 35.7 | 31.9 | 32.9 |
| Fresh vegetables | 97.5 | 99.0 | 99.5 | 98.6 | 99.0 | 98.1 | 98.6 |
| Preserved vegetables | 23.3 | 23.4 | 23.6 | 23.1 | 22.9 | 24.2 | 23.4 |
| Meat | 39.7 | 47.2 | 55.4 | 46.7 | 48.4 | 46.3 | 47.1 |
| Dairy products | 15.6 | 24.8 | 42.9 | 26.0 | 29.6 | 26.5 | 27.4 |
| BMI (SD), kg/m2 | 24.8 (3.6) | 25.2 (3.4) | 25.4 (3.7) | 25.3 (3.5) | 25.2 (3.4) | 24.9 (3.7) | 25.1 (3.5) |
| Overweight†, % | 58.1 | 62.7 | 65.7 | 63.4 | 62.6 | 60.0 | 62.0 |
| SBP (SD), mmHg | 151.1 (24.5) | 149.3 (22.8) | 146.8 (24.7) | 149.2 (23.9) | 148.4 (23.2) | 149.8 (25.2) | 149.1 (23.3) |
| DBP (SD), mmHg | 84.7 (12.6) | 84.3 (11.8) | 83.6 (12.7) | 84.4 (12.3) | 84.0 (11.9) | 84.3 (13.0) | 84.2 (12.4) |
| Uncontrolled hypertension‡, % | 68.6 | 66.4 | 62.3 | 65.8 | 65.2 | 66.5 | 65.8 |
| Family history of CVD, % | 27.5 | 28.5 | 31.4 | 28.6 | 29.3 | 29.4 | 29.1 |
| Ischemic heart disease, % | 21.1 | 20.9 | 22.6 | 22.8 | 22.1 | 19.7 | 21.5 |
| Stroke or TIA, % | 13.2 | 11.6 | 10.1 | 16.1 | 10.6 | 8.3 | 11.7 |
| CVD medication§, % | 73.3 | 75.0 | 76.6 | 77.4 | 75.5 | 71.8 | 74.9 |
| Diabetes, % | 19.2 | 13.1 | 10.2 | 17.0 | 14.5 | 11.6 | 14.4 |
| Poor health¥, % | 30.7 | 24.3 | 21.6 | 31.7 | 24.5 | 20.9 | 25.8 |
BMI: Body Mass Index; CVD: Cardiovascular Disease; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; TIA: transient ischaemic attack.
Values are either percentage or mean (SD) and were adjusted for age, sex, and study area where appropriate.
*Regular consumption means consuming food products for at least 4 days per week.
†Defined as BMI ≥24 kg/m2;
‡ Defined as SBP≥140 mmHg or DBP≥90 mmHg or both.
§ Includes use of aspirin, statins, calcium antagonist, beta-receptor blockers, ice-inhibitors, diuretics and other unspecified medicine
¥ Either self-rated poor health or reported having a low capacity of walk.