Table 1. Participant characteristics by tertiles of urine MMP-7/creatinine.
| Participant characteristic | All | Low (≤ 10.2 µg/g) | Medium (10.2 < and ≤ 32 µg/g) | High (> 32 µg/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 141 | 47 | 47 | 47 |
| Age (years) | 57 (8) | 57 (7) | 57 (8) | 57 (8) |
| Female | 63 (45) | 17 (36) | 22 (47) | 24 (51) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian | 21 (15) | 9 (19) | 7 (15) | 5 (11) |
| African-American | 12 (9) | 8 (17) | 2 (4) | 2 (4) |
| Hispanic | 103 (73) | 26 (55) | 38 (81) | 39 (83) |
| Other | 5 (4) | 4 (9) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) |
| Smoking | ||||
| Current | 21 (15) | 7 (15) | 8 (17) | 6 (13) |
| Past | 57 (40) | 19 (40) | 18 (38) | 20 (43) |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 14.7 (5.9) | 13.9 (4.8) | 14.2 (6) | 15.9 (6.5) |
| Prevalent cardiovascular disease | 65 (46) | 24 (51) | 23 (49) | 18 (38) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31.9 (8.7) | 33.5 (9.5) | 31.8 (8.8) | 30.5 (7.8) |
| Use of any anti-hypertensives | 123 (87) | 44 (94) | 39 (83) | 40 (85) |
| Use of RAAS inhibitors (73% on ACEI; 11% on ACEI+ARB; 16% on ARB) | 107 (76) | 38 (81) | 33 (70) | 36 (77) |
| Use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors | 89 (63) | 27 (57) | 28 (60) | 34 (72) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 156 (27) | 148 (26) | 160 (25) | 160 (29) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78 (13) | 78 (15) | 79 (12) | 76 (11) |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 8.7 (2.2) | 8.6 (2.3) | 8.9 (2.1) | 8.6 (2.3) |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 110 (43) | 104 (41) | 112 (34) | 116 (52) |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 42 (12) | 43 (13) | 41 (11) | 43 (12) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), mean | 59 (23) | 60 (25) | 65 (22) | 51 (22) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), median | 55 (41-75) | 54 (41-78) | 65 (47-78) | 45 (34-64) |
| ACR (g/g), mean | 2.5 (2.2) | 1 (0.9) | 2.3 (1.3) | 4.1 (2.7) |
| ACR (g/g), median | 1.9 (0.8-3.9) | 0.7 (0.4-1.1) | 2.1 (1.4-3.2) | 4.1 (2.1-5.5) |
| Urine Angiotensinogen/Cr (µg/g), median | 200 (6-1145) | 41 (2-171) | 213 (36-975) | 1568 (204-3322) |
| Urine Gremlin-1/Cr (µg/g), median | 6 (2-39) | 2 (1-6) | 6 (2-20) | 92 (6-186) |
| Urine MMP-7/Cr (µg/g), median | 19 (8-42) | 7 (5-8) | 19 (14-24) | 60 (42-101) |
Data is displayed as mean (standard deviation, SD) for continuous covariates, number (percent) for categorical covariates and median (interquartile range, IQR) where noted. RAAS: renin angiotensin saldosterone ystem; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; ACR: albumin to creatinine ratio; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.