Table 2. Association of urine angiotensinogen, gremlin-1, and urine and serum MMP-7 with progression to ESRD.
| Events | Unadjusted IR (per 100 person-years) | Unadjusted HR (95%CI) | Model 1 HR (95%CI) | Model 2 HR (95%CI) | Model 3 HR (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urine angiotensinogen/creatinine | ||||||
| Tertile 1 | 14 | 8.4 | 0.58 (0.29, 1.19) | 0.58 (0.29, 1.17) | 0.65 (0.29, 1.45) | 2.17 (0.85, 5.57) |
| Tertile 2 | 7 | 4.2 | 0.28 (0.12, 0.68) | 0.26 (0.11, 0.62) | 0.31 (0.13, 0.76) | 1.04 (0.3, 3.59) |
| Tertile 3 | 17 | 13.8 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Per doubling | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) | 1 (0.93, 1.07) | 0.92 (0.86, 0.97) | ||
| p-value | 0.8 | 0.86 | 0.9 | 0.0043 | ||
| Urine gremlin-1/creatinine | ||||||
| Tertile 1 | 8 | 4.8 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Tertile 2 | 11 | 7.5 | 1.47 (0.62, 3.49) | 1.84 (0.73, 4.65) | 2.37 (0.95, 5.88) | 0.82 (0.22, 3.02) |
| Tertile 3 | 19 | 13 | 2.57 (1.12, 5.94) | 3.14 (1.28, 7.68) | 3.33 (1.24, 8.94) | 0.46 (0.1, 2.14) |
| Per doubling | 1.25 (1.09, 1.42) | 1.29 (1.12, 1.48) | 1.32(1.13, 1.53) | 1.03 (0.84, 1.26) | ||
| p-value | 0.00096 | 0.00037 | 0.00042 | 0.77 | ||
| Urine MMP-7/creatinine | ||||||
| Tertile 1 | 6 | 3.7 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Tertile 2 | 13 | 7.6 | 1.97 (0.78, 4.98) | 2.06 (0.83, 5.13) | 1.97 (0.68, 5.74) | 1.55 (0.5, 4.8) |
| Tertile 3 | 19 | 15.4 | 4.25 (1.69, 10.68) | 4.69 (1.92, 11.46) | 4.31 (1.5, 12.37) | 1.19 (0.34, 4.09) |
| Per doubling | 1.47 (1.12, 1.93) | 1.54 (1.17, 2.03) | 1.6 (1.18, 2.18) | 1.22 (0.92, 1.62) | ||
| p-value | 0.0051 | 0.002 | 0.0026 | 0.16 | ||
| Serum MMP-7 | ||||||
| Tertile 1 | 8 | 4.4 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Tertile 2 | 11 | 6.9 | 1.59 (0.66, 3.85) | 1.5 (0.61, 3.68) | 1.51 (0.68, 3.37) | 0.56 (0.17, 1.85) |
| Tertile 3 | 24 | 17.7 | 4.09 (1.87, 8.97) | 4.52 (1.93, 10.56) | 1.62 (0.68, 3.87) | 0.75 (0.22, 2.57) |
| Per doubling | 2.99 (1.81, 4.92) | 3.12 (1.88, 5.18) | 2.73 (1.62, 4.6) | 1.47 (0.76, 2.85) | ||
| p-value | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.25 | ||
Tertiles 1-3 for urine angiotensinogen/Cr were ≤ 42.3 μ.g/g, 42.3 < angiotensinogen ≤ 600 μ.g/g and > 600 μ.g/g, respectively. Tertiles 1-3 for urine gremlin-1/Cr were ≤ 2.7 μ.g/g, 2.7 < gremlinl ≤ 17.4 μ.g/g and > 17.4 μ.g/g, respectively. Tertiles 1-3 for urine MMP-7/Cr were ≤ 10.2 μ.g/g, 10.2 < MMP-7 ≤ 32 μ.g/g and > 32 μ.g/g, respectively. Tertiles 1-3 for serum MMP-7 were ≤ 10.2 μ.g/g, 10.2 < MMP ≤ 32 μ.g/g and > 32 μ.g/g. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity (black, Hispanic, other). Model 2 was additionally adjusted for smoking, hemoglobin Alc, systolic blood pressure, LDL and RAAS inhibitors. Model 3 was further adjusted for eGFR, eGFR2, log2(ACR), [log2(ACR)]2. HR: hazard ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; IR: incidence rates. The p-values are for doubling.