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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017 Aug;65(2):168–172. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001439

Table 3.

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia by Historical Characteristics

Aspiration or Penetration on VFSS

Characteristic N No (n=15) Yes (n=41) P
Age (days) 56 46 (22, 83) 58 (19, 91) 0.85
Female sex 56 9 (60%) 15 (37%) 0.12
>1 episode in 24 hours 56 10 (67%) 25 (61%) 0.70
  Number of episodes 18 2.0 (2.0, 3.0) 2.0 (2.0, 3.0) 0.87
Color change 56 0.29
  None 0 (0%) 3 (7%)
  Red 3 (20%) 2 (5%)
  Blue 11 (73%) 34 (83%)
  Pale 1 (7%) 2 (5%)
Tone change 37 0.81
  None 4 (36%) 12 (46%)
  Limp 4 (36%) 9 (35%)
  Shaking 0 (0%) 1 (4%)
  Rigid 3 (27%) 4 (15%)
Febrile 56 0 (0%) 0 (0%) --
URI symptoms 56 1 (7%) 5 (12%) 1.00
Duration of ALTE symptoms (seconds) 28 60 (20, 90) 30 (10, 60) 0.56
ALTE upright (vs. flat) 18 0 (0%) 2 (15%) 1.00
Relationship to feeds 51 0.84
  No 5 (42%) 12 (31%)
  During 3 (25%) 13 (33%)
  After 4 (33%) 14 (36%)
Time since last feeding (minutes) 10 240 (n=1) 45 (15, 120) 0.32
Associated emesis 56 0.63
  None 11 (73%) 34 (83%)
  Yes, before 3 (20%) 4 (10%)
  Yes, after 1 (7%) 3 (7%)
Mucus or foaming at mouth 55 3 (20%) 3 (8%) 0.33
Interventions in the field (yes vs. no) 56 8 (53%) 22 (54%) 0.98
Appeared well in ED 56 15 (100%) 39 (95%) 1.00
Admitted to ICU or NICU 56 1 (7%) 12 (29%) 0.15