Table 1.
Provenance and seasonal collection site climate (details in Berger et al., 2008) of old world lupin common garden field experiments at in 2007, 2008 and 2015 (hard seed breakdown).
| aClust | Description | Germplasm n | Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | Frost days | Mean temp (°C) | Temp change (°C/day) | Summer temp (°C) | bStatus | Origin | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 07 | 08 | 15 | Pre-seas | Veg | Rep | Veg | Rep | Veg | Veg | Rep | Rep | Max | Range | Br | Lr | W | |||
| cL. albus L. | 88 | 17 | 14 | 58 | 16 | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | European spring-sown: long daylength, rapidly warming, cool veg phase, med rainfall, low terminal drought. | 1 | 310 | 102 | 226 | 24 | 42 | 7 | 12.0 | 18.9 | 0.01 | 24.7 | 11.4 | 1 | UKR, 1 | ||||
| 2 | Mediterranean (Iberian) long season: cool temp, high, frequent rainfall, no terminal drought. | 6 | 2 | 104 | 515 | 521 | 69 | 96 | 4 | 14.5 | 15.8 | 0.05 | 23.8 | 9.4 | 6 | PRT, 6 | |||
| 3 | Mediterranean long season: low temp (cold, frosty veg phase), high, frequent rainfall, warming rep phase; low terminal drought. | 5 | 54 | 581 | 234 | 81 | 42 | 56 | 5.8 | 15.0 | 0.09 | 23.6 | 12.5 | 2 | 3 | ITA, 3; ESP, 1; PRT, 1 | |||
| 4 | Ethiopian highlands: warm, wet veg phase, cool, low rainfall rep phase; low terminal drought. | 6 | 3 | 773 | 668 | 61 | 33 | 9 | 2 | 16.2 | 16.3 | 0.01 | 27.0 | 16.3 | 6 | ETH, 6 | |||
| 5 | Average Mediterranean climates: intermediate terminal drought. | 48 | 6 | 41 | 376 | 234 | 47 | 41 | 18 | 12.2 | 16.3 | 0.09 | 29.2 | 13.3 | 36 | 12 | ITA, 15; ESP, 11; PRT, 8; GRC, 6; SYR, 6; MAR, 1; DZA, 1 | ||
| 6 | Mediterranean spring-sown: low rainfall, warm rep phase with rapid temp increase; high terminal drought. | 14 | 3 | 552 | 91 | 13 | 19 | 4 | 2 | 16.4 | 23.6 | 0.10 | 30.0 | 14.0 | 14 | TUR, 7; GRC, 7 | |||
| 7 | Southern Mediterranean: low rainfall, warm rep phase with rapid temp increase; high terminal drought. | 8 | 3 | 5 | 47 | 32 | 8 | 10 | 3 | 16.6 | 18.2 | 0.12 | 34.6 | 14.8 | 8 | EGY, 6; ISR, 1; GRC, 1 | |||
| L. angustifolius L. | 135 | 42 | 21 | 16 | 0 | 115 | |||||||||||||
| 1 | European spring-sown: long daylength, rapidly warming, cool veg phase, med rainfall, low terminal drought. | 1 | 3 | 269 | 91 | 186 | 26 | 40 | 11 | 11.1 | 17.9 | 0.02 | 23.8 | 12.1 | 1 | DEU, 1 | |||
| 2 | Mediterranean long season: high, frequent rainfall, cool veg phase; low terminal drought. | 18 | 8 | 8 | 64 | 558 | 324 | 76 | 62 | 50 | 8.3 | 15.6 | 0.09 | 26.4 | 13.8 | 18 | ESP, 10; PRT, 4; FRA, 3; ITA, 1 | ||
| 3 | Mediterranean (Iberian) long season (cool): intermediate, frequent rainfall, cold frosty veg phase; med terminal drought. | 13 | 1 | 50 | 391 | 164 | 85 | 39 | 97 | 5.7 | 16.0 | 0.10 | 26.8 | 16.7 | 11 | ESP, 11 | |||
| 4 | Average Mediterranean climates: intermediate terminal drought. | 92 | 23 | 9 | 46 | 345 | 226 | 44 | 38 | 16 | 12.2 | 15.9 | 0.10 | 31.2 | 15.6 | 15 | 77 | ESP, 20; AUS, 19; GRC, 17 ; MAR, 10; ISR, 5; FRA, 4; ITA, 4; PRT, 3; SYR, 3; TUR, 3; CYP, 2; DZA, 1; ZAF, 1 | |
| 5 | Nth Africa: low, infrequent rainfall, high sun hours, rainfall variability: high terminal drought. | 7 | 5 | 4 | 26 | 145 | 135 | 18 | 20 | 21 | 11.4 | 16.3 | 0.10 | 33.7 | 19.6 | 7 | MAR, 6; DZA, 1 | ||
| Unclassified | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | GRC, 2; CHL, 2 | ||||||||||||||
| L. luteus L. | 71 | 29 | 13 | 35 | 0 | 36 | |||||||||||||
| 1 | European spring-sown: long daylength, rapidly warming, cool veg phase, med rainfall, low terminal drought. | 30 | 11 | 1 | 296 | 99 | 211 | 26 | 41 | 11 | 10.9 | 17.7 | 0.01 | 23.6 | 11.7 | 30 | DEU, 6; BYS, 5; UKR, 5; HUN, 4; POL, 3; AUS, 2; RUS, 2; SUN, 1; LVA, 1; NLD, 1 | ||
| 2 | Mediterranean (Iberian) long season: high, frequent rainfall, cool veg phase; low terminal drought. | 7 | 7 | 6 | 70 | 645 | 416 | 76 | 72 | 27 | 10.5 | 15.5 | 0.08 | 26.2 | 13.2 | 7 | PRT, 6; ESP, 1 | ||
| 3 | Average Mediterranean climates: intermediate terminal drought. | 32 | 11 | 6 | 47 | 368 | 224 | 45 | 40 | 4 | 13.5 | 16.2 | 0.08 | 30.1 | 15.2 | 5 | 29 | PRT, 17; AUS, 9; MAR, 3; ISR, 3; ESP, 1; ZAF, 1 | |
| Unclassified | 2 | PRT, 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| COMMON GARDEN FIELD TRIAL CLIMATE | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2007 field trial | 230 | 262 | 69 | 46 | 21 | 0 | 14.1 | 17.1 | 0.11 | ||||||||||
| 2008 field trial | 258 | 187 | 101 | 32 | 36 | 0 | 12.5 | 16.3 | 0.07 | ||||||||||
Cluster: collection sites were clustered largely on the basis of seasonal climate and described in Berger et al. (2008).
Status: Br, breeding material or released cultivar; Lr, landrace; W, wild germplasm. Numbers refer to 2007 evaluation.
L. albus L. collection site climates above were re-analysed in light of the fact that landraces from the Balkans to Asia Minor are spring-(Mülayim et al., 2002; Mihailovic et al., 2008), rather than autumn-sown as assumed in Berger et al. (2008).
Note that 2007 and 2008 field trial climate is also included to put these evaluations into context alongside germplasm collection site climate. Summer maxima and average temperature range are included as background for the physical dormancy work.