FIG. 3.

Fold increases in cytokine mRNA levels from PA-stimulated PBMC at 30 weeks. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated at 30 weeks from rhesus macaques receiving three doses of AVA at 0, 4, and 26 weeks (n = 60 animals) and stimulated with PA ex vivo. Fold increases in gamma interferon (IFN-γ), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA levels were measured by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Each plus sign represents saline placebo controls, and dots represent AVA-vaccinated animals.