TABLE 4.
Summary of survival of rhesus macaques vaccinated with various B. anthracis PA-containing preparations and challenged with various B. anthracis isolates
| Vaccine, no. of doses (amt) |
Bacillus anthracis challenge
|
Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time (wks.) | Survivala | Isolateb | Dose (LD50) | ||
| PA + Al3+, 2 (1.50 ml) | 2 | 3/3 (100) | Vollum (C) | (5-10) × 104 spores | 86 |
| 16 | 2/3 (67) | ||||
| 30 | 3/3 (100) | ||||
| 58 | 3/3 (100) | ||||
| PA + Al3+, 2 (1.00 ml) | 2 | 3/4 (75) | Vollum (A) | 0.8-1.6 | 86 |
| 5 | 4/4 (100) | Vollum (A) | 18.0-60 | ||
| PA + Al3+, 2 (1.25 ml) | 1 | 10/10 (100) | M.36 (A) | 10.0-15.0 | 7 |
| 52 | 10/10 (100) | ||||
| 104 | 6/7 (86) | ||||
| MDPH 2 (0.50 ml) | 8 | 10/10 (100) | Ames (A) | 255-760 | 45 |
| 38 | 3/8 (100) | Ames (A) | 161-247 | ||
| 100 | 7/8 (88) | Ames (A) | 239-535 | ||
| MDPH 2 (0.50 ml) | 12 | 10/10 (100) | Ames (A) | 837-961 | 70 |
| rPA + Alhydrogel,e 2 (50 μg of rPA) | 12 | 9/10 (90) | Ames (A) | 837-961 | |
| MDPH 1 (0.50 ml) | 6 | 10/10 (100) | Ames (A) | 74.4 | 46 |
| rPA + Alhydrogel,e 1 (50 μg of rPA) | 6 | 10/10 (100) | Ames (A) | 116.9 | |
| rPA + QS-21,e 1 (50 μg of rPA) | 6 | 9/9 (100) | Ames (A) | 78.3 | |
| rPA + MPL in SLT,e 1 (50 μg of rPA) | 6 | 9/10 (90) | Ames (A) | 96.0 | |
| AVA Lot FAV038,f 2 (0.50 ml) | 10 | 10/10 (100) | Namibia (A) | 398d | 22 |
| 8/10 (80) | Turkey (A) | 1,004d | |||
a
Number that survived/number challenged (percent survival).
b
C, cutaneous challenge; A, aerosol challenge.
c
The cutaneous LD50 for B. anthracis Vollum isolate in rhesus macaques is unknown.
d
LD50 expressed as Ames equivalent (Ames aerosol LD50 is approximately 5.5 × 104 CFU in rhesus macaques) (22).
e
Adjuvants: Alhydrogel (3% aluminum hydroxide gel), QS-21 (saponin), MPL (monophosphoryl lipid A) in SLT (2% squalene, 0.24% lecithin, 0.08% Tween 80).
f
AVA, anthrax vaccine adsorbed (BioPort Corp., Lansing, Mich.).