Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics of patients.
| Overall (n = 587) | Users of RAS inhibitor (n = 94) | Non-users of RAS inhibitor (n = 493) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | 61.8 (14.8) | 60.9 (12.3) | 62.0 (15.2) | 0.45 |
| Man, N (%) | 406 (69.2%) | 69 (73.4%) | 337 (68.4%) | 0.33 |
| Diabetes mellitus, N (%) | 184 (31.4%) | 31 (33.0%) | 153 (31.0%) | 0.71 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 317 (54.0%) | 88 (93.6%) | 229 (46.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure NYHA III or IV, N (%) | 191 (32.5%) | 21 (22.3%) | 170 (34.5%) | 0.02 |
| Coronary artery disease, N (%) | 366 (62.4%) | 66 (70.2%) | 300 (60.9%) | 0.09 |
| Peripheral arterial occlusive disease, N (%) | 54 (9.2%) | 10 (10.6%) | 44 (8.9%) | 0.60 |
| Hyperlipidemia, N (%) | 163 (27.8%) | 28 (29.8%) | 135 (27.4%) | 0.63 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, N (%) | 70 (11.9%) | 11 (11.7%) | 59 (12.0%) | 0.94 |
| Chronic hepatitis, N (%) | 16 (2.7%) | 1 (1.1%) | 15 (3.0%) | 0.28 |
| Hyperuricemia, N (%) | 81 (13.8%) | 10 (10.6%) | 71 (14.4%) | 0.33 |
| Metastatic cancer, N (%) | 140 (23.9%) | 19 (20.2%) | 121 (24.5%) | 0.37 |
| Current or former smoker, N (%) | 50 (8.5%) | 11 (11.7%) | 39 (7.9%) | 0.23 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Baseline hemoglobin, g/dl (SD) | 13.2 (1.8) | 13.5 (1.6) | 13.2 (1.8) | 0.09 |
| Baseline albumin, g/dl (SD) | 4.2 (0.5) | 4.3 (0.5) | 4.2 (0.5) | 0.55 |
| Baseline SCr, mg/dl (SD) | 0.85 (0.18) | 0.87 (0.16) | 0.85 (0.19) | 0.28 |
| Baseline eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 (SD) | 89.0 (25.2) | 86.3 (18.4) | 89.5 (26.3) | 0.15 |
| SCr at AKI, mg/dl (SD) | 1.65 (1.01) | 1.61 (0.85) | 1.66 (1.04) | 0.60 |
| SCr at AKI recovery, mg/dl (SD) | 0.91 (0.06) | 0.94 (0.17) | 0.91 (0.08) | 0.14 |
| Urine protein at AKI (severe), N (%) | 28 (4.8%) | 7 (7.5%) | 21 (4.3%) | 0.18 |
| AKI stage, N (%) | ||||
| Stage I | 539 (91.8%) | 89 (94.7%) | 450 (91.3%) | 0.37 |
| Stage II + Stage III | 48 (8.2%) | 5 (5.3%) | 43 (8.7%) | 0.37 |
| Surgical procedure, N (%) | ||||
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | 232 (39.5%) | 38 (40.4%) | 194 (39.4%) | 0.94 |
| Valve surgery | 217 (37.0%) | 28 (29.8%) | 189 (38.3%) | 0.15 |
| Heart transplant | 37 (6.3%) | 2 (2.1%) | 35 (7.1%) | 0.11 |
| Other cardiac surgery | 101 (17.2%) | 26 (27.7%) | 75 (15.2%) | 0.005 |
| Medication at discharge, N (%) | ||||
| Anti-HTN agents | 214 (36.5%) | 82 (87.2%) | 132 (26.8%) | <0.001 |
| Statins | 149 (25.4%) | 28 (29.8%) | 121 (24.5%) | 0.28 |
| Immunosuppressants | 37 (6.3%) | 2 (2.1%) | 35 (7.1%) | 0.07 |
Abbreviation: AKI, acute kidney injury; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HTN, hypertension; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RAS, renin-angiotensin system; SCr, serum creatinine.