Table 3. Cox regression analyses for independent factors associated with CKD development.

Covariate	Univariate Analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Demographic characteristics
Age	1.04 (1.03–1.05)	<0.001	1.03 (1.02–1.05)	<0.001
Sexa	0.81 (0.62–1.06)	0.12
Diabetes mellitusb	1.99 (1.53–2.57)	<0.001	1.61 (1.23–2.10)	0.001
Hypertensionb	1.56 (1.20–2.02)	0.001	1.48 (1.12–1.95)	0.006
Congestive heart failure NYHA III or IVb	1.38 (1.06–1.81)	0.02	1.38 (1.05–1.81)	0.02
Coronary artery diseaseb	1.23 (0.93–1.61)	0.15
Peripheral arterial occlusive diseaseb	1.44 (0.94–2.21)	0.09
Hyperlipidemiab	0.99 (0.75–1.31)	0.95
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseb	1.01 (0.67–1.52)	0.96
Chronic hepatitisb	1.78 (0.88–3.60)	0.11
Hyperuricemiab	1.97 (1.44–2.70)	<0.001	1.64 (1.19–2.27)	0.003
Metastatic cancerb	0.96 (0.71–1.30)	0.79
Current or former smokerb	0.97 (0.61–1.55)	0.90
Laboratory data
Baseline hemoglobin, g/dl	0.86 (0.80–0.93)	<0.001	0.91 (0.84–0.99)	0.02
Baseline albumin, g/dl	0.68 (0.52–0.89)	0.005	1.17 (0.86–1.59)	0.32
Baseline SCr, mg/dl	8.72 (4.09–18.58)	<0.001
Baseline eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2	0.96 (0.96–0.97)	<0.001	0.98 (0.97–0.99)	<0.001
SCr at AKI, mg/dl	1.47 (1.35–1.60)	<0.001	1.52 (1.36–1.70)	<0.001
Urine protein at AKIc	2.25 (1.37–3.69)	0.001	1.37 (0.81–2.32)	0.24
AKI staged	2.33 (1.57–3.44)	<0.001
Surgical procedure
Coronary artery bypass graftinge	1.35 (0.92–1.97)	0.13
Valve surgerye	0.85 (0.57–1.28)	0.43
Heart transplante	1.47 (0.84–2.58)	0.18
Medication
RAS inhibitorb	0.47 (0.31–0.72)	<0.001	0.46 (0.30–0.70)	<0.001
Anti-HTN agentsb	0.99 (0.76–1.29)	0.92
Statinsb	0.94 (0.70–1.25)	0.66
Immunosuppressantsb	1.19 (0.74–1.93)	0.48

Annotation: ^aMan compared to woman; ^bCompared to no status; ^cSevere compared to mild; ^dStage II + III compared to stage I; ^eCompared to other cardiac surgery.

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.