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. 2017 Apr 13;7:46476. doi: 10.1038/srep46476

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(A) In the presence of aldosterone (Aldo) high Na⁺ increases the number of adherent monocytes on an endothelial monolayer. Application of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα enhances the effect. (B) Under shear stress (8 dyn/cm²) the effect of the Na⁺-induced monocyte adhesion is increased. (C) Aldosterone receptor antagonism with spironolactone prevents the Na⁺-induced monocyte adhesion. (D) Enzymatic degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx with heparinase (Hep) increases the number of adherent monocyte (N = 4; * indicates p ≤ 0.05).