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. 2017 Apr 13;7:46476. doi: 10.1038/srep46476

Figure 2. Quantification of the adhesion forces between monocyte and endothelial surface.

Figure 2

(A) Schematic principle of the CellHesion method. A human monocyte is mounted on a soft cantilever and brought into contact with an endothelial cell. Upon the monocyte touches the surface it is retracted and the unbinding forces are quantified. (B) High Na+ increased the adhesion forces between monocytes and endothelial surface, compared to low Na+ conditions, indicating changed conformation of the eGC and thus stronger binding to surface receptors. Stimulation of the endothelium with TNFα further increased the adhesion forces (N = 6; n = 105–199; * indicates p = < 0.01). (C) Enzymatic removal of the eGC with heparinase increased the adhesion forces between monocyte and endothelial surface and could be prevented by application of anti-VCAM antibodies (N = 5; n = 65–93; * indicates p =  < 0.01). (D) Blocking of VCAM-1 with specific antibodies prevented the effects of high Na+ (N = 6; n = 84–216; * indicates p =  < 0.01).