Table 2.
Effects of DPP-4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitor on blood pressure, body weight, and glucose and lipid levels
| Total (n = 184) |
DPP-4 inhibitors Linagliptin (n = 55) Gemigliptin (n = 69) |
SGLT2 inhibitor (n = 60) |
p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 24 weeks | Baseline | 24 weeks | Baseline | 24 weeks | ||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 175.4 ± 39.6 | 167.0 ± 35.8* | 174.9 ± 40.5 | 165.9 ± 34.4** | 176.6 ± 38.2 | 169.2 ± 38.7 | |
| Change from baseline | −8.5 (−13.7, −3.2) | −9.0 (−15.8, −2.1) | −7.4 (−15.4, 0.6) | 0.836 | |||
| Total triglycerides (mg/dl) | 165.7 ± 96.2 | 150.5 ± 88.0* | 172.9 ± 105.3 | 159.9 ± 94.5 | 150.3 ± 71.2 | 130.6 ± 68.6 | |
| Change from baseline | −15.2 (−28.7, −1.3) | −13.0 (−30.8, 4.7) | −19.7 (−39.7, 0.3) | 0.867 | |||
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 98.3 ± 32.7 | 93.0 ± 29.8* | 99.0 ± 33.9 | 90.6 ± 28.6** | 96.7 ± 30.3 | 97.9 ± 31.7 | |
| Change from baseline | −5.3 (−9.6, −1.0) | −8.4 (−14.0, −2.8) | 1.3 (−5.1, 7.6) | 0.046*** | |||
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 43.5 ± 10.4 | 45.5 ± 11.0* | 42.7 ± 10.2 | 42.2 ± 10.0 | 45.3 ± 10.6 | 50.3 ± 11.3** | |
| Change from baseline | 2.0 (0.8, 3.2) | 0.5 (−0.9, 2.0) | 5.1 (3.0, 7.1) | 0.001*** | |||
| Apolipoprotein A (g/l) | 121.6 ± 19.4 | 131.4 ± 26.8* | 115.6 ± 18.5 | 120.5 ± 22.0 | 126.1 ± 17.9 | 139.8 ± 28.8** | |
| Change from baseline | 9.8 (3.7, 16.0) | 6.5 (−3.7, 12.6) | 13.7 (4.8, 22.7) | 0.726 | |||
| Apolipoprotein B (g/l) | 91.2 ± 21.5 | 86.4 ± 22.0 | 88.6 ± 21.8 | 81.3 ± 14.4 | 95.8 ± 21.3 | 90.3 ± 26.6 | |
| Change from baseline | −4.8 (−11.3, 1.7) | −0.6 (−15.9, 8.3) | −5.5 (−13.5, 2.4) | 0.660 | |||
| Lipoprotein (a) (mg/dl) | 17.7 ± 18.4 | 17.2 ± 19.8 | 17.2 ± 23.6 | 20.0 ± 25.4 | 15.6 ± 16.2 | 15.8 ± 19.3 | |
| Change from baseline | −0.6 (−2.6, 1.5) | −0.9 (−3.4, 1.6) | 0.2 (−4.2, 4.6) | 0.991 | |||
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 172.8 ± 58.1 | 151.3 ± 44.9* | 171.8 ± 58.8 | 150.8 ± 43.1** | 174.8 ± 57.1 | 150.1 ± 48.7** | |
| Change from baseline | −21.5 (−31.2, −11.9) | −16.9 (−30.5, −9.5) | −24.8 (−45.4, −4.1) | 0.462 | |||
| HbA1c (%(mmol/mol)) | 8.5 ± 1.3 (69.4 ± 13.7) |
7.8 ± 1.3* (61.9 ± 13.8) |
8.6 ± 1.3 (70.5 ± 14.3) |
7.9 ± 1.3** (62.6 ± 14.6) |
8.3 ± 1.1 (67.2 ± 12.4) |
7.7 ± 1.1** (60.3 ± 12.1) |
|
| Change from baseline | −0.7 (−0.9, −0.5) −7.8 (−9.9, −5.7) |
−0.8 (−1.0, −0.5) −8.2 (−10.9, −5.5) |
−0.6 (−0.9, −0.3) −13.2 (−10.3, −3.5) |
0.593 | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.3 ± 12.9 | 124.5 ± 11.8 | 123.3 ± 14.1 | 124.4 ± 13.3 | 128.8 ± 10.1 | 124.6 ± 9.0** | |
| Change from baseline | −0.9 (−4.0, 2.3) | 1.1 (−3.4, 5.7) | −4.2 (−7.6, −0.7) | 0.112 | |||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.2 ± 12.2 | 74.5 ± 9.1 | 75.3 ± 12.3 | 74.7 ± 9.4 | 77.7 ± 12.1 | 74.3 ± 8.7** | |
| Change from baseline | −1.7 (−4.2, 0.8) | −0.6 (−3.9, 2.6) | −3.4 (−7.5, 0.7) | 0.304 | |||
| Body weight (kg) | 69.6 ± 11.3 | 68.7 ± 11.1* | 68.8 ± 10.9 | 68.3 ± 10.8 | 71.1 ± 11.9 | 69.5 ± 11.6** | |
| Change from baseline | −0.9 (−1.4, −0.4) | −0.5 (−0.7, −0.3) | −1.5 (−2.1, −0.9) | <0.001*** | |||
Data are means ± SD, or 95% CI. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Changes from baseline and percent change from baseline are adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, BMI, and glucose control status (HbA1c difference). DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase 4, SGLT2 sodium glucose cotransporter 2, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, Hemoglobin A1c HbA1c
* p < 0.05 (comparison between before treatment and after treatment in all subjects)
** p < 0.05 (comparison between before treatment and after treatment in each group)
*** p < 0.05 (comparison between DPP-4 inhibitor group and SGLT2 inhibitor group)