Table 1.
Effect of exercise training on vascular endothelial function in individuals with IR
| Disease (n) |
Age (y) | Sex | Ex mode |
Ex intensity | Ex frequency | Ex time /duration |
Vessel studied | Conclusion | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IR (9) T2DM (14) |
37 43 |
Both | Aerobic | Moderate | 3–4 d/wk | 20–40 min /8 wk |
Conduit | ACh-induced vasorelaxation↑ | 34 |
| T2DM (16) | – | – | Aerobic and resistance |
Moderate | 3 d/wk | 1 h /8 wk |
Conduit resistance |
Flow-mediated vasodilation↑ ACh-induced vasorelaxation↑ |
35 |
| T2DM (38) | 62 | Both | Aerobicand resistance |
Moderate | 3–5 d/wk | 75 min /12 wk |
Conduit | Flow-mediated vasodilation↑ | 17 |
| T2DM (43) | 62 | Both | Aerobic | Moderate | 3 d/wk | 30–40 min /3 mo |
Conduit | Flow-mediated vasodilation↑ | 36 |
| T2DM (42) | 67 | Both | Aerobicand resistance |
Moderate | 3–5 d/wk | 20–30 min /4 wk |
Conduit | Flow-mediated vasodilation = | 37 |
| T2DM (59) | 63 | Both | Aerobic | Moderate | 3 d/wk | 30 min /6 mo |
Micro (skin) | ACh-induced vasorelaxation = | 38 |
| T2DM (18) | 60 | Male | Aerobic and resistance |
Moderate | 3 d/wk | 1 h /8 wk |
Conduit | Flow-mediated vasodilation = | 39 |
| MS (29) | 40–60 | Male | Aerobic | Moderate | 3 d/wk | 50 min /12 wk |
Conduit | Flow-mediated vasodilation↑ | 40 |
| MS (28) | — | Both | Aerobic | Moderate High |
3 d/wk | 40–47min /16 wk |
Conduit | Flow-mediated vasodilation↑ Flow-mediated vasodilation↑↑ |
14 |
| MS (32) | 50–55 | Both | Aerobic | Moderate High |
3 d/wk | 40–47 min /16 wk |
Conduit | Flow-mediated vasodilation↑ Flow-mediated vasodilation↑ |
15 |
| MS (38) | 50–70 | Both | Aerobicand resistance |
Not addressed | 4–5 d/wk | 90 min /6 mo |
Micro (skin) | ACh-induced vasorelaxation↑ | 41 |
ACh, acetylcholine; Ex, exercise; IR, insulin resistance; MS, metabolic syndrome; T2DM, Type 2 diabetes mellitus; ↑, increase; ↑↑, more increase; =, no change.