Table 3.
Comparison between SCCmec types with the patient’s demographic, clinical diagnosis and molecular characteristics of MRSA strains isolated from blood
| SCCmec III | SCCmec IV | SCCmec V | Untypeable | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 60 (%) | N = 27 (%) | N = 2 (%) | N = 2 (%) | N = 91 (%) | |
| Age | |||||
| ≤ 50 years old | 12 (20) | 3 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 15 (16.5) |
| > 50 years old | 47 (78.3) | 23 (85.2) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 74 (81.3) |
| Not Known | 1 (1.7) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.2) |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 30 (50) | 10 (37) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 40 (43.9) |
| Male | 29 (48.3) | 16 (59.3) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 49 (53.8) |
| Not Known | 1 (1.7) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.2) |
| Co-morbidities | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 20 (33.3) | 11 (40.7) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 32 (35.2) |
| Hypertension | 22 (36.7) | 12 (44.4) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 35 (38.5) |
| Obesity | 0 (0) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) |
| Chronic kidney disease and UTI | 24 (40) | 14 (51.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 38 (41.8) |
| Cancer | 8 (13.3) | 2 (7.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10 (10.9) |
| Head injury | 11 (18.3) | 4 (14.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 16 (17.6) |
| Liver disease | 4 (6.7) | 2 (7.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (6.6) |
| Respiratory disease | 12 (20) | 3 (11.1) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 16 (17.6) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 4 (6.7) | 8 (29.6) | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 14 (15.4) |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 4 (6.7) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (5.5) |
| Autoimmune disease | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) |
| Bone and joint disorder | 1 (1.7) | 2 (7.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.3) |
| Endocrine disorder | 0 (0) | 2 (7.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.2) |
| Blood disorder | 2 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.2) |
| CMV | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) |
| Skin disease | 7 (11.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (7.7) |
| None | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) |
| Not known | 7 (11.7) | 5 (18.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 13 (14.3) |
| No of comorbidities | |||||
| 0 | 8 (13.3) | 5 (18.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 14 (15.4) |
| 1 | 19 (31.7) | 5 (18.5) | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 26 (28.6) |
| 2 | 11 (18.3) | 6 (22.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 17 (18.7) |
| 3 | 12 (20) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 13 (14.3) |
| ≥ 4 | 10 (16.7) | 10 (37) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 21 (23.1) |
| Source of bacteraemia | |||||
| Primary bacteraemia | 38 (63.3) | 19 (70.4) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 61 (67) |
| Catheter-related | 7 (11.7) | 5 (18.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 12 (13.2) |
| Skin and soft tissue infection | 6 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (6.6) |
| Surgical site infection | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) |
| Pneumonia | 5 (8.3) | 2 (7.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (7.7) |
| Implant-related infection | 0 (0) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) |
| More than one source | 3 (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.3) |
| Type of MRSA | |||||
| HA-MRSA | 36 (60) | 15 (55.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 51 (56) |
| CA-MRSA | 15 (25) | 9 (33.3) | 2 (100) | 1 (50) | 27 (29.7) |
| Not Known | 9 (15) | 3 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 13 (14.3) |
| CC/ST | |||||
| CC1 | |||||
| ST1 | 0 (0) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) |
| ST772 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) |
| CC5 | |||||
| ST5 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) |
| CC6 | |||||
| ST6 | 0 (0) | 6 (22.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (6.6) |
| CC8 | |||||
| ST239 | 60 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 61 (67) |
| CC22 | |||||
| ST22 | 0 (0) | 19 (70.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 19 (20.9) |
| ST1137 | 0 (0) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) |
| CC45 | |||||
| ST508 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 1 (1.1) |
| Vancomycin MIC | |||||
| < 1.5 μg/mL | 22 (36.7) | 25 (92.6) | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 49 (53.8) |
| ≥ 1.5 μg/mL | 38 (63.3) | 2 (7.4) | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 42 (46.2) |
UTI = Urinary Tract Infection, CMV = Cytomegalovirus
Head injury includes: basal ganglia bleed, subdural hematoma and stroke. Liver disease includes: alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis. Respiratory disease includes: pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cardiovascular disease includes: mitral valve regurgitation, ischaemic heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, congestive cardiac failure. Gastrointestinal disease includes: acute gastroenteritis, Crohn’s disease, perforated diverticular disease, intestinal obstruction. Autoimmune disease includes: Systemic lupus erythematosus. Endocrine disorder includes: thyroid disease, primary hypothyroidism. Blood disorder includes: myelofibrosis, anaemia. Skin disease includes: Stevens Johnson Syndrome, Bullous pemphigoid, exfoliative dermatitis and pemphigus vulgaris