Table 1.

Epidemiology of C. difficile bacteremias reported in the literature.

Period	Country	Number of CDB casesa	Incidence	Reference
1962–1969	USA	3 Isolates/86 nonhistotoxic clostridial bacteremias (laboratory isolates)*	0.4	[42], [52]
15 months	USA	1 Blood culture isolate (Anaerobe study)*	0.8	[53]
14 months	USA	1 CDB/2168 bacteremias*	0.9	[30]
1985–1995	USA	3 CDB/14 ECD2	0.3	[31]
1990–1997	USA	1/164 304 hospitalizations*	0.13	[32]
1990–2000	Spain	2 CDB/21 ECD (50 000 admissions/year)b	0.2	[33]
1988–2003	USA	2 Blood culture isolates/25 ECD*	0.2	[34]
2000–2006	Canada	7 CDB/1.2 million residents*	1	[35]
2004–2008	UK	62 CDB/320 371 bacteremias*	9 to 17	[36], [37]
2008–2012	UK	0	0	[38]
2010–2014	UK	0	0	[39]
1989–2009	Taiwan	12 CDB/2 medical centersb,c	0.6	[43]
2002–2012	Finland	2 CDB/31 ECDb	0.2	[54]
2004–2013	USA	11 CDB/40 ECD/6525 CDIb	1.1	[28]
1962–2016	All countries	Total: 137 (the 58 published casesb, the two present casesb and 77* cases in other reports)		Present review

^aCDB cases of each study or literature review when clearly mentioned in articles or reports.

^bCases with clinical data reported in Table 2.

^c1100-bed and 2800-bed tertiary-care hospitals in Taiwan.

^*Cases not available with clinical data but exposed in other reports in the reviewed literature.