Fig. 3.

Validation of experimental manipulations. (A) At baseline (sham tDCS), subjects showed a strong preference for the larger reward in the no-delay condition, while choices of the larger reward significantly dropped when it was available only after a temporal delay. However, the possibility to precommit resulted in a higher number of choices of the LL reward relative to the opt-out and willpower conditions. (B) In the willpower condition, the preference for the LL reward decreased as a function of temporal delay. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean.