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. 2016 Nov 1;12(1):95–105. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsw161

Table 5.

Outcomes of exploratory between-subject ROI analyses of variability in spontaneous activation in the Implicit Task, and in the similarity of each participant’s whole-brain (gray-matter masked) response pattern for human faces to their response pattern for each of the non-human animal face conditions

Primate > Scramble
Dog > Scramble
Similarity to human
LOFC TPJ aSTS dmPFC LOFC TPJ aSTS dmPFC Primate Dog
Target-specific emotion understanding Humans −0.19 0.03 −0.25 −0.31 −0.37 −0.41 −0.32 −0.31 0.46 0.45
Primates 0.14 0.03 0.15 0.14 −0.25 −0.09 −0.03 −0.43 0.65** 0.56*
Dogs 0.15 0.22 −0.10 −0.05 −0.07 −0.41 −0.20 −0.25 0.60* 0.53*
IDAQ (animals subscale) 0.37 0.23 0.10 0.54* 0.32 0.18 0.49 0.11 0.54* 0.41

We extracted signal from each ROI in the Primate > Scramble and Dog > Scramble contrasts and computed the Pearson correlation with the scores derived from the post-task emotion understanding ratings and scales on the animal-specific subscale of the IDAQ. Response pattern similarity was calculated using the Pearson correlation of the t-statistic images representing the response pattern for each Target in the Implicit Task, and then subsequently Fisher’s z-transformed for the between-subject analysis. This produced two measures of human/non-human neural similarity for each participant, which we also correlated with the collected post-task measures. L, Left; OFC, lateral orbitofrontal cortex; TPJ, temporoparietal junction; aSTS, anterior superior temporal sulcus; dmPFC, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex.

Note: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.