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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Stroke. 2017 Mar 14;48(4):1052–1060. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015590

Figure 1. MCP-1 induces IL-6 expression both in vitro and in vivo.

Figure 1

A) In vitro intercellular cell signaling assays were performed with macrophages alone, fibroblasts alone or macrophages-fibroblasts co-culture exposed to MCP-1 or control PBS. Significantly increased secretion of IL-6 was observed in macrophage-fibroblast co-cultured medium which are stimulated by MCP-1 (2250.0 +/− 219.9 mg/mL) compared with control PBS exposed co-cultured medium (1322.5 +/− 63.0 mg/mL). IL-6 secretion was not detected in single-cultured cells medium. (n=8 each group) B) Three weeks after coil implant, the coiled aneurysms were harvested. Cytokine array analysis of MCP-1-releasing coil treated murine carotid aneurysms (n=5) reveal significantly higher expression of IL-6 (1.7 +/− 0.2) compared to PLGA-control-coil-treated aneurysms (n=5) (0.7 +/− 0.2) (P=0.01). C) Immunofluorescent staining of representative sections of aneurysms implanted with MCP-1–releasing coil and PLGA control coil. Scale bar = 50μm.