Table 1. Subjects’ characteristics.
| PD (n = 18) | NMC (n = 31) | NMNC (n = 31) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 63±9* | 48±11 | 47±12 | <0.001* |
| Gender (M/F) | 9/9 | 14/17 | 11/20 | ns |
| UPDRS III | 16.4±6.9 | 2.0±2.3 | 2.2±4.4 | <0.001* |
| MoCA | 26.5±2.0 | 27.5±2.5 | 27.1±2.2 | ns |
| UPSIT | 23.4±3.3* | 30.6±3.1 | 32.2±3.1 | <0.001* |
| BDI | 5.2±4.6 | 3.7±5.2 | 6.1±9.0 | ns |
| SCOPA AUT | 16.7±14.0* | 6.2±6.0 | 7.9±7.8 | <0.001* |
| ESS | 7.9±5.0 | 6.1±2.9 | 8.0±3.5 | ns |
| RBDQ | 3.5±3.3 | 1.8±1.5 | 2.4±2.0 | ns |
| NMS | 8.8±5.4* | 3.7±4.2 | 4.5±4.3 | <0.001* |
PD-Parkinson's Disease; NMC- non-manifesting carriers; NMNC- non-manifesting non-carriers; UPDRS III-Unified Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale motor part III; MoCA-Montreal Cognitive Assessment; UPSIT- University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, BDI- Beck Depression Inventory; ns-not significant. SCOPA AUT- Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease—Autonomic; ESS—Epworth Sleepiness Scale; RBDQ- REM sleep behavior disorder questionnaire; NMS- non-motor symptoms questionnaire;
*Significant difference from the other groups.