Table 2.

Statistically significant GRS interactions with baseline adjusted 1-yr traits (N_max=1,377)

Trait	GRS	Intervention arm	N	β	SE	P	95% CI LL	95% CI UL	Pinteraction
large HDL (μmol/l)	large HDL GRS	Placebo	463	−0.022	0.032	0.499	−0.086	0.042	-
large HDL (μmol/l)	large HDL GRS	Metformin	461	−0.075	0.034	0.027	−0.141	−0.008	0.07
large HDL (μmol/l)	large HDL GRS	Lifestyle	450	−0.111	0.039	5×10−3	−0.188	−0.033	1×10−3

95% CI LL - 95% confidence interval lower limit; 95% CI UL - 95% confidence interval upper limit; β - beta effect estimate per GRS risk allele; DPP - Diabetes Prevention Program; HDL - high density lipoprotein; GRS - genetic risk score; N - sample size; SE - standard error.

P values are based on linear regression models. GRS associations were modeled by fitting the GRSs as the independent variables with the different lipoprotein subfractions as dependent variables.

P_interaction values are based on linear regression models. GRS associations were tested by fitting the GRS × lifestyle vs. placebo intervention and GRS × metformin vs. placebo intervention interaction terms as the independent variables with the different lipoprotein subfractions at follow-up as dependent variables. β coefficients reflect the association of one genetic risk score unit (effect allele) with the trait (expressed in native units and inverse normalized units).

Age, age², sex, baseline lipoprotein subfraction values and genomic principal components were used as covariates in all models.